How to format your references using the Singapore Dental Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Singapore Dental Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

F. Aubret, Heart rates increase after hatching in two species of Natricine snakes, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 3384.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J. Ahn, E.J. Brook, Atmospheric CO2 and climate on millennial time scales during the last glacial period, Science 322 (2008) 83–85.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Y. He, S.D. Michaels, R.M. Amasino, Regulation of flowering time by histone acetylation in Arabidopsis, Science 302 (2003) 1751–1754.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

M. Ek, D. Engblom, S. Saha, A. Blomqvist, P.J. Jakobsson, A. Ericsson-Dahlstrand, Inflammatory response: pathway across the blood-brain barrier, Nature 410 (2001) 430–431.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

T. Kenny, The Nuts and Bolts of Implantable Device Therapy Pacemakers, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

B. Gabrys, R.J. Howlett, L.C. Jain, eds., Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems: 10th International Conference, KES 2006, Bournemouth, UK, October 9-11, 2006. Proceedings, Part II, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J. Sanchez-Sotelo, Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Distal Humerus Fractures and Nonunions, in: S. Antuña, R. Barco (Eds.), Essential Techniques in Elbow Surgery, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 41–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Singapore Dental Journal.

Blog post

[1]

D. Andrew, Crow Hitches a Ride on a Bald Eagle, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/crow-hitches-ride-bald-eagle/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Tax System Modernization: Further Testing of IRS’ Automated Taxpayer Service Systems Is Needed, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S. Antoshin, Modeling inflation expectations in the U.K, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.J.O. Patterson, A Quiet Outpost Beyond the Tunnel, New York Times (2015) RE11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Singapore Dental Journal
Abbreviation	Singapore Dent. J.
ISSN (print)	0377-5291
Scope	General Dentistry