How to format your references using the Seminars in Pediatric Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Seminars in Pediatric Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Edwards PP. Chemistry. Electrons in cement. Science. 2011;333(6038):49-50.

A journal article with 2 authors

Newman DK, Banfield JF. Geomicrobiology: how molecular-scale interactions underpin biogeochemical systems. Science. 2002;296(5570):1071-1077.

A journal article with 3 authors

Buck WR, Lavier LL, Poliakov ANB. Modes of faulting at mid-ocean ridges. Nature. 2005;434(7034):719-723.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bernhardt TG, Wang IN, Struck DK, Young R. A protein antibiotic in the phage Qbeta virion: diversity in lysis targets. Science. 2001;292(5525):2326-2329.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ben Mahmoud MS, Guerber C, Larrieu N, Pirovano A, Radzik J. Aeronautical Air-Ground Data Link Communications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Croitoru M, Rudolph S, Woltran S, Gonzales C, eds. Graph Structures for Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Third International Workshop, GKR 2013, Beijing, China, August 3, 2013. Revised Selected Papers. Vol 8323. Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Dallenbach-Hellweg G, Schmidt D, Dallenbach F. Circulatory Disturbances. In: Schmidt D, Dallenbach F, eds. Atlas of Endometrial Histopathology. Springer; 2010:53-57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Seminars in Pediatric Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E. New Research Yields Insight Into The Origins Of Consciousness. IFLScience. Published March 13, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/new-research-yields-insight-origins-awareness/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Communications Commission: Strategic Focus Needed to Improve Information Resources Management. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Oppenheim JN. Examination of Oncology Summer Camp Attendance, Psychosocial Adjustment, and Perceived Social Support Among Pediatric Cancer Patients and Siblings. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. Two Asian-American Actors in ‘Hawaii Five-0’ Depart. New York Times. July 6, 2017:B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
Abbreviation	Semin. Pediatr. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1055-8586
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Surgery

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