How to format your references using the Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wadman M. Biochemist strikes gold. Nature. 2006;441(7094):689.

A journal article with 2 authors

Das RM, Storey KG. Apical abscission alters cell polarity and dismantles the primary cilium during neurogenesis. Science. 2014;343(6167):200-204.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sharam GJ, Sinclair ARE, Turkington R. Serengeti birds maintain forests by inhibiting seed predators. Science. 2009;325(5936):51.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Floyd JS, Mutter JC, Goodliffe AM, Taylor B. Evidence for fault weakness and fluid flow within an active low-angle normal fault. Nature. 2001;411(6839):779-783.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rochange C, Uhrig S, Sainrat P. Time-Predictable Architectures. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Hagedorn P, Spelsberg-Korspeter G, eds. Active and Passive Vibration Control of Structures. Vol 558. 1st ed. Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Lee MY, Hu CH. Using Latent Variable to Estimate Parameters of Inverse Gaussian Distribution Based on Time-Censored Wiener Degradation Data. In: Lin YK, Tsao YC, Lin SW, eds. Proceedings of the Institute of Industrial Engineers Asian Conference 2013. Springer; 2013:29-35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Awesome Time-Lapse Of Hyenas Devouring A Buffalo Carcass. IFLScience. May 30, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/time-lapse-hyenas-eating-buffalo-carcass/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: FAA Has Begun Efforts to Make Data More Publicly Available. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zakharov D. The Discrete Dirac Operator and the Discrete Generalized Weierstrass Representation in Pseudo-Euclidean Spaces. Doctoral dissertation. Columbia University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Puerto Rico, Mired in Debt, Approves a Rescue Plan. New York Times. March 13, 2017:B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery
Abbreviation	Semin. Colon Rectal Surg.
ISSN (print)	1043-1489
Scope	Gastroenterology Surgery