How to format your references using the Progress in Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

deMenocal P B 2001 Cultural responses to climate change during the late Holocene Science 292 667–73

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hedwig B and Poulet J F A 2004 Complex auditory behaviour emerges from simple reactive steering Nature 430 781–5

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Morgan J L W, Strumillo J and Zimmer J 2013 Crystallographic snapshot of cellulose synthesis and membrane translocation Nature 493 181–6

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Lee J, Fujita K, Schmidt A R, Kim C K, Eisaki H, Uchida S and Davis J C 2009 Spectroscopic fingerprint of phase-incoherent superconductivity in the cuprate pseudogap state [corrected] Science 325 1099–103

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Center for Chemical Process Safety 2010 Guidelines for Acquisition Evaluation and Post Merger Integration (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)

An edited book

[1]

Kim T-H, Adeli H, Cho H-S, Gervasi O, Yau S S, Kang B-H and Villalba J G 2011 Grid and Distributed Computing: International Conference, GDC 2011, Held as Part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conference, FGIT 2011, Jeju Island, Korea, December 8-10, 2011. Proceedings vol 261 (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Liu H, Mei T, Li H and Luo J 2015 Vision-Based Fine-Grained Location Estimation Multimodal Location Estimation of Videos and Images ed J Choi and G Friedland (Cham: Springer International Publishing) pp 63–83

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E 2015 Mysterious new Virus Could be Causing Paralysis in Children in the U.S.A IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 1988 Telecommunications: Actions Needed for Better Management of Public Safety Spectrum (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Butler-Roberts J 2017 Fashioning distinction: construction of identity through dress and photography in nineteenth-century Paris Doctoral dissertation (Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Hartocollis A 2014 And Surrogacy Makes 3 New York Times E1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Biomedical Engineering
ISSN (online)	2516-1091
Scope