How to format your references using the School Effectiveness and School Improvement citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for School Effectiveness and School Improvement. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Raymond, J. C. (2009). Astronomy. Cosmic-ray acceleration in supernova remnants. Science (New York, N.Y.), 325(5941), 683–684.

A journal article with 2 authors

Boal, A. K., & Rosenzweig, A. C. (2012). Biochemistry. A radical route for nitrogenase carbide insertion. Science (New York, N.Y.), 337(6102), 1617–1618.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gridi-Papp, M., Rand, A. S., & Ryan, M. J. (2006). Animal communication: complex call production in the túngara frog. Nature, 441(7089), 38.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Yang, W., Liu, H., Zhao, Y., Inoue, A., Jiang, K., Huo, J., Ling, H., Li, Q., & Shen, B. (2014). Mechanical properties and structural features of novel Fe-based bulk metallic glasses with unprecedented plasticity. Scientific Reports, 4, 6233.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gonzalez, R., Qi, F., & Huang, B. (2016). Process Control System Fault Diagnosis: A Bayesian Approach. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Davidson, L. (2008). Pro SQL Server 2008 Relational Database Design and Implementation (K. Kline, S. Klein, & K. Windisch, Eds.). Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Edwards, A., & Yan, H. (2014). DNA Origami. In J. Kjems, E. Ferapontova, & K. V. Gothelf (Eds.), Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology (pp. 93–133). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for School Effectiveness and School Improvement.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, April 30). Ancient Drought Trapped Dodos and Giant Tortoises in Massive Toilet. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ancient-drought-trapped-dodos-and-giant-tortoises-massive-toilet/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1988). Telecommunications Privacy: GSA’s Planned FTS 2000 Telephone Record Controls Appear Reasonable (IMTEC-89-6). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Burke, K. (2012). Big Five personality traits and astrology: The relationship between the Moon variable and the NEO PI-R [Doctoral dissertation]. Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. (2017, June 1). Another Failed Festival Puts Industry on Edge. New York Times, B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Raymond, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Boal & Rosenzweig, 2012; Raymond, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Boal & Rosenzweig, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Yang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	School Effectiveness and School Improvement
Abbreviation	Sch. Eff. Sch. Improv.
ISSN (print)	0924-3453
ISSN (online)	1744-5124
Scope	Education