How to format your references using the School Effectiveness and School Improvement citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for School Effectiveness and School Improvement. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chaudhury, A. (2005). Plant genetics: hothead healer and extragenomic information. Nature, 437(7055), E1; discussion E2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Anderson, V. J., & Lekkerkerker, H. N. W. (2002). Insights into phase transition kinetics from colloid science. Nature, 416(6883), 811–815.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kippenberg, T. J., Holzwarth, R., & Diddams, S. A. (2011). Microresonator-based optical frequency combs. Science (New York, N.Y.), 332(6029), 555–559.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Rose, G. J., Goller, F., Gritton, H. J., Plamondon, S. L., Baugh, A. T., & Cooper, B. G. (2004). Species-typical songs in white-crowned sparrows tutored with only phrase pairs. Nature, 432(7018), 753–758.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kumar, V., & Petersen, J. A. (2012). Statistical Methods in Customer Relationship Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Piekkola, H., & Snellman, K. (Eds.). (2005). Collective Bargaining and Wage Formation: Performance and Challenges. Physica-Verlag HD.

A chapter in an edited book

Kunche, P., & Reddy, K. V. V. S. (2016). Application of Meta-Heuristics to Speech Enhancement. In K. V. V. S. Reddy (Ed.), Metaheuristic Applications to Speech Enhancement (pp. 25–37). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for School Effectiveness and School Improvement.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016, November 21). Supermoon Tide Washes Bemused Octopus Into Miami Parking Garage. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/supermoon-tide-washes-bemused-octopus-into-miami-parking-garage/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2005). Aviation Security: Transportation Security Administration Did Not Fully Disclose Uses of Personal Information During Secure Flight Program Testing in Initial Privacy Notes, but Has Recently Taken Steps to More Fully Inform the Public (GAO-05-864R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Akers, K. (2017). The Impact of Work-Family Conflict, Gender, and Family-Friendly Policies on Organizational Attractiveness and Job Pursuit Intentions [Doctoral dissertation]. Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. (2009, May 27). Every Justice Creates a New Court. New York Times, A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chaudhury, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Anderson & Lekkerkerker, 2002; Chaudhury, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Anderson & Lekkerkerker, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Rose et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	School Effectiveness and School Improvement
Abbreviation	Sch. Eff. Sch. Improv.
ISSN (print)	0924-3453
ISSN (online)	1744-5124
Scope	Education