How to format your references using the School Effectiveness and School Improvement citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for School Effectiveness and School Improvement. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Powell, K. (2004). Back to basics: from industry to academia. Nature, 430(7000), 706–707.

A journal article with 2 authors

Markus, M. B., & Fincham, J. E. (2000). Mbeki and AIDS in Africa. Science (New York, N.Y.), 288(5474), 2131d.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hejazi, V., Sobolev, K., & Nosonovsky, M. (2013). From superhydrophobicity to icephobicity: forces and interaction analysis. Scientific Reports, 3, 2194.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Hung, C. P., Kreiman, G., Poggio, T., & DiCarlo, J. J. (2005). Fast readout of object identity from macaque inferior temporal cortex. Science (New York, N.Y.), 310(5749), 863–866.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Orford, J. (2012). Addiction Dilemmas. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Winterbottom, A., & Tesfaye, F. (Eds.). (2016). Histories of Medicine and Healing in the Indian Ocean World: The Modern Period. Palgrave Macmillan US.

A chapter in an edited book

Persinger, C. (2015). Challenges of Portfolio Management in Pharmaceutical Development. In Z. Antonijevic (Ed.), Optimization of Pharmaceutical R&D Programs and Portfolios: Design and Investment Strategy (pp. 71–80). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for School Effectiveness and School Improvement.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, September 23). This Technique Could Allow Us To Harvest Water From Asteroids. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/technique-could-allow-us-harvest-water-asteroids/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2007). Highway Emergency Relief: Reexamination Needed to Address Fiscal Imbalance and Long-term Sustainability (GAO-07-245). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Layne, L. L. (2008). Military leadership: Encouraging enlisted personnel to participate in continuing education [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander, S. (2000, June 25). Competition and Camaraderie for Gay Athletes. New York Times, 84.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Powell, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Markus & Fincham, 2000; Powell, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Markus & Fincham, 2000)
Three authors: (Hejazi et al., 2013)
6 or more authors: (Hung et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	School Effectiveness and School Improvement
Abbreviation	Sch. Eff. Sch. Improv.
ISSN (print)	0924-3453
ISSN (online)	1744-5124
Scope	Education