How to format your references using the School Effectiveness and School Improvement citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for School Effectiveness and School Improvement. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pälike, H. (2013). Geochemistry. Impact and extinction. Science (New York, N.Y.), 339(6120), 655–656.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wulder, M. A., & Coops, N. C. (2014). Satellites: Make Earth observations open access. Nature, 513(7516), 30–31.

A journal article with 3 authors

O’Connor, J., Zheng, X., & Zhou, Z. (2013). Zheng et al. reply. Nature, 499(7457), E1-2.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Lee, J. S., Lee, Y.-J., Tae, E. L., Park, Y. S., & Yoon, K. B. (2003). Synthesis of zeolite as ordered multicrystal arrays. Science (New York, N.Y.), 301(5634), 818–821.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pangarkar, V. G. (2014). Design of Multiphase Reactors. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Proper, H. A., Aveiro, D., & Gaaloul, K. (Eds.). (2013). Advances in Enterprise Engineering VII: Third Enterprise Engineering Working Conference, EEWC 2013, Luxembourg, May 13-14, 2013. Proceedings (Vol. 146). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Hernesniemi, J., Ishii, K., Niemelä, M., Smrcka, M., Kivipelto, L., Fujiki, M., & Shen, H. (2005). Lateral supraorbital approach as an alternative to the classical pterional approach. In Y. Yonekawa, E. Keller, Y. Sakurai, & T. Tsukahara (Eds.), New Trends of Surgery for Stroke and its Perioperative Management (pp. 17–21). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for School Effectiveness and School Improvement.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, January 20). Only A Small Portion of Human Genome Drives Evolution. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2004). Federal Research: Information on DOE’s Laboratory-Directed R&D Program (GAO-04-489). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Richardson, M. M. (2013). Challenging the South’s black-white binary: Haliwa-Saponi Indians and political autonomy [Doctoral dissertation]. University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. (2013, January 26). Sports Access For Disabled Is Clarified. New York Times, D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pälike, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Pälike, 2013; Wulder & Coops, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wulder & Coops, 2014)
Three authors: (O’Connor et al., 2013)
6 or more authors: (Lee et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	School Effectiveness and School Improvement
Abbreviation	Sch. Eff. Sch. Improv.
ISSN (print)	0924-3453
ISSN (online)	1744-5124
Scope	Education