How to format your references using the Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Northup T. Quantum physics: Squeezed ions in two places at once. Nature. 2015;521:295–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Pearse A-M, Swift K. Allograft theory: transmission of devil facial-tumour disease. Nature. 2006;439:549.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Pfennig DW, Harcombe WR, Pfennig KS. Frequency-dependent Batesian mimicry. Nature. 2001;410:323.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ho DG, Gao R, Celaje J, Chung H-Y, Selke M. Phosphadioxirane: a peroxide from an ortho-substituted arylphosphine and singlet dioxygen. Science. 2003;302:259–62.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Malina M. Delivering Sustainable Buildings. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

1. Mueller MP, Tippins DJ, editors. EcoJustice, Citizen Science and Youth Activism: Situated Tensions for Science Education. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Talbot K, Ong W-. Y, Blake DJ, Tang J, Louneva N, Carlson GC, et al. Dysbindin-1 and Its Protein Family. In: Lajtha A, Javitt D, Kantrowitz J, editors. Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology: Schizophrenia. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009. p. 107–241.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. New CT Reveals Inner Structures of Body in Exquisite Detail. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Improving Federal Performance in the Information Age: Issues and Opportunities--Fiscal Years 1996-98. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995 Oct. Report No.: IAP-95-29.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Young AJ. An Examination of Cultures of Innovation within Esoteric Technology Provider: A Look into Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Oestreich JR. Sibelius and His Slowly Imparted Secrets Revealed. New York Times. 2017 Sep 6;C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Scand. J. Trauma Resusc. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (online)	1757-7241
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Emergency Medicine