How to format your references using the Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Sherratt DJ. Bacterial chromosome dynamics. Science. 2003;301:780–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Vidale JE, Earle PS. Fine-scale heterogeneity in the Earth’s inner core. Nature. 2000;404:273–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Mehlmann LM, Jones TLZ, Jaffe LA. Meiotic arrest in the mouse follicle maintained by a Gs protein in the oocyte. Science. 2002;297:1343–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Murphy K, Frazer KA, Loots G, Rubin EM. Database searches for binding sites. Science. 2000;288:2319a.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bhaskar K, Varadan Retd. TK. Plates. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Gertsbakh I. Ternary Networks: Reliability and Monte Carlo. Shpungin Y, Vaisman R, editors. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Meyer B. The Dependent Delegate Dilemma. In: Broy M, Grünbauer J, Harel D, Hoare T, editors. Engineering Theories of Software Intensive Systems: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Engineering Theories of Software Intensive Systems Marktoberdorf, Germany 3–15 August 2004. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005. p. 105–18.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. July Was The Hottest Month Since Records Began [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/july-was-hottest-month-record/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Curriculum Case Studies Are of Questionable Quality but Helped Precollege Curriculum Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977 May. Report No.: HRD-77-46.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Horning CL. Kinesthetic learning in algebra and its effects on students’ achievement and disposition toward mathemathics [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Crow K. The Student, the Sleuth and the Mysterious Pillow. New York Times. 2000 Sep 17;141.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Scand. J. Trauma Resusc. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (online)	1757-7241
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Emergency Medicine