How to format your references using the Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Attaran A. Where did it all go wrong? Nature. 2004;430:932–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Johansson MEV, Hansson GC. Microbiology. Keeping bacteria at a distance. Science. 2011;334:182–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Houchmandzadeh B, Wieschaus E, Leibler S. Establishment of developmental precision and proportions in the early Drosophila embryo. Nature. 2002;415:798–802.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Li Y, Ben T, Zhang B, Fu Y, Qiu S. Ultrahigh gas storage both at low and high pressures in KOH-activated carbonized porous aromatic frameworks. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2420.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Soustelle M. An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2011.

An edited book

1. Carbone G, editor. Grasping in Robotics. London: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. DeFelipe J, Alonso-Nanclares L. The Synapse: Differences Between Men and Women. In: Pfaff DW, Christen Y, editors. Multiple Origins of Sex Differences in Brain: Neuroendocrine Functions and their Pathologies. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 43–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

1. Fang J. To Breathe, Immature Beetles Flex Their Abs Like Belly Dancers [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/breathe-immature-beetles-flex-their-abs-belly-dancers/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Earth Observing System: Information on NASA’s Incorporation of Existing Data Into EOSDIS. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Sep. Report No.: IMTEC-92-79.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Lee D. Subjective strain, anger, and delinquency: Evidence from South Korea [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Burghardt LF. Mutiny in the Harbor: One Ship Too Many. New York Times. 2006 Jun 4;14WC7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Scand. J. Trauma Resusc. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (online)	1757-7241
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Emergency Medicine