How to format your references using the Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Raffaelli D. Ecology. How extinction patterns affect ecosystems. Science. 2004;306:1141–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Silver RA, Kanichay RT. Neuroscience. Refreshing connections. Science. 2008;320:183–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Johnson KG, Jackson JBC, Budd AF. Caribbean reef development was independent of coral diversity over 28 million years. Science. 2008;319:1521–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Dong R, Zhou L, Wang D, Hao J. Molecular aggregates in stable aqueous three-phase surfactant systems and their use in producing CdS nanowires. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1663.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Vignes A. Extractive Metallurgy 2. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Iai S, editor. Geotechnics and Earthquake Geotechnics Towards Global Sustainability. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Gemulla R, Rösch P, Lehner W. Linked Bernoulli Synopses: Sampling along Foreign Keys. In: Ludäscher B, Mamoulis N, editors. Scientific and Statistical Database Management: 20th International Conference, SSDBM 2008, Hong Kong, China, July 9-11, 2008 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 6–23.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

1. Carpineti C. Dogs Can Detect Breast Cancer Just By Smelling Bandages [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/dogs-can-detect-breast-cancer-just-by-smelling-bandages/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. [Comments on DOD Data Center Consolidation Plan]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 May. Report No.: B-256497.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Raynor SL. A Critical Quantitative Examination of the Relationship between Constructs of Engagement and Latino College Completion [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. St. John Kelly E. PLAYING IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD. New York Times. 1994 Aug 14;139.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Scand. J. Trauma Resusc. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (online)	1757-7241
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Emergency Medicine