How to format your references using the Safety Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Safety Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stokstad, E., 2000. PALEONTOLOGY: Fossils Made to Order, Any Size. Science 288, 1729.

A journal article with 2 authors

State, M.W., Šestan, N., 2012. Neuroscience. The emerging biology of autism spectrum disorders. Science 337, 1301–1303.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rankenburg, K., Brandon, A.D., Neal, C.R., 2006. Neodymium isotope evidence for a chondritic composition of the Moon. Science 312, 1369–1372.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lizarralde, D., Gaherty, J.B., Collins, J.A., Hirth, G., Kim, S.D., 2004. Spreading-rate dependence of melt extraction at mid-ocean ridges from mantle seismic refraction data. Nature 432, 744–747.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schober, H., 2015. Transparent Shells. Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany.

An edited book

Frazzoli, E., Lozano-Perez, T., Roy, N., Rus, D. (Eds.), 2013. Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics X: Proceedings of the Tenth Workshop on the Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics, Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Frantz, R.P., 2015. Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Heart and Lung Disease, in: Klinger, J.R., Frantz, R.P. (Eds.), Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Hypertension, Respiratory Medicine. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 93–113.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Safety Science.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2016. Homo Naledi Might Be A Million Years Younger Than We Thought [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2008. District of Columbia Public Schools: While Early Reform Efforts Tackle Critical Management Issues, a District-Wide Strategic Education Plan Would Help Guide Long-Term Efforts (No. GAO-08-549T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rostambeigi, N., 2010. Analyzing the correlates of patients’ adoption of preventative health services: Perceived risk, cost and availability of health care services (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S., 1998. With a New Western Arrival, Moscow Rocks. New York Times 235.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stokstad, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (State and Šestan, 2012; Stokstad, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (State and Šestan, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Lizarralde et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Safety Science
Abbreviation	Saf. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0925-7535
Scope	Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety Research