How to format your references using the Rheumatology International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Rheumatology International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kim J (2014) Absorption-assisted mode transformation in butterfly compound eyes. Sci Rep 4:6291

A journal article with 2 authors

Wynia MK, Gostin L (2002) Medicine. The bioterrorist threat and access to health care. Science 296:1613

A journal article with 3 authors

Alley RB, Fahnestock M, Joughin I (2008) Climate change. Understanding glacier flow in changing times. Science 322:1061–1062

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wang C, Deng L, Hong M, et al (2001) TAK1 is a ubiquitin-dependent kinase of MKK and IKK. Nature 412:346–351

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McCallum H (2008) Population Parameters: Estimation for Ecological Models. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Hayashi N (2006) Asymptotics for Dissipative Nonlinear Equations. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Yates L, Terraschke A (2013) Love, Language and Little Ones: Successes and Stresses for Mothers Raising Bilingual Children in Exogamous Relationships. In: Schwartz M, Verschik A (eds) Successful Family Language Policy: Parents, Children and Educators in Interaction. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 105–125

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Rheumatology International.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) Study Reveals How The Brain “Rebuilds” Itself In An Attempt To Cure Schizophrenia. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2009) Missouri River Navigation: Data on Commodity Shipments for Four States Served by the Missouri River and Two States Served by Both the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Parihar R (2004) Characterization of the Natural Killer Cell Cytokine Response to Antibody-Coated Tumor Cells. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J (2016) My Year in Reading. New York Times BR4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Rheumatology International
Abbreviation	Rheumatol. Int.
ISSN (print)	0172-8172
ISSN (online)	1437-160X
Scope	Immunology Immunology and Allergy Rheumatology