How to format your references using the Rheumatology International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Rheumatology International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Noble D (2002) Modeling the heart--from genes to cells to the whole organ. Science 295:1678–1682

A journal article with 2 authors

Hinck S, Schiermeier Q (2003) Will industry play a bigger role in Europe’s aims to promote mobility among postdocs? Nature 421:296–297

A journal article with 3 authors

Schaller J, Weiske A, Berger F (2013) Thunderbolt in biogeochemistry: galvanic effects of lightning as another source for metal remobilization. Sci Rep 3:3122

A journal article with 5 or more authors

You JQ, Wang ZD, Zhang W, Nori F (2014) Encoding a qubit with Majorana modes in superconducting circuits. Sci Rep 4:5535

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

zur Hausen H (2006) Infections Causing Human Cancer. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG

An edited book

Sappa AD (2013) Multimodal Interaction in Image and Video Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Scott MM, Frew AJ (2013) Exploring the Role of In-Trip Applications for Sustainable Tourism: Expert Perspectives. In: Cantoni L, Xiang Z (phil) (eds) Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2013: Proceedings of the International Conference in Innsbruck, Austria, January 22-25, 2013. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 36–46

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Rheumatology International.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Spain Has First Case Of Diphtheria In 28 Years Thanks To Anti-Vaxxers. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/spain-s-first-case-diphtheria-28-years-due-lack-vaccination/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) GAO Update on the Number of Prekindergarten Care and Education Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gillan-Sanderson NA (2012) A Study of the Effect of Additional Reading Assistance on Student Achievement. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2010) When Goodell Learned That Life Is No Game. New York Times SP5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Rheumatology International
Abbreviation	Rheumatol. Int.
ISSN (print)	0172-8172
ISSN (online)	1437-160X
Scope	Immunology Immunology and Allergy Rheumatology