How to format your references using the Rheumatology International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Rheumatology International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kamien RD (2007) Materials science. Better geometry through chemistry. Science 315:1083–1084

A journal article with 2 authors

Kilpivaara O, Aaltonen LA (2013) Diagnostic cancer genome sequencing and the contribution of germline variants. Science 339:1559–1562

A journal article with 3 authors

Li Z, Marsiglio F, Carbotte JP (2013) Vanishing of interband light absorption in a persistent spin helix state. Sci Rep 3:2828

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wilbanks AM, Fralish GB, Kirby ML, et al (2004) Beta-arrestin 2 regulates zebrafish development through the hedgehog signaling pathway. Science 306:2264–2267

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Reeve WD (2006) DC Power System Design for Telecommunications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Cabras I, Higgins D, Preece D (2016) Brewing, Beer and Pubs: A Global Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London

A chapter in an edited book

Shiffman MA (2008) Facial Aging: a Clinical Classification. In: Shiffman MA, Mirrafati SJ, Lam SM, Cueteaux CG (eds) Simplified Facial Rejuvenation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 65–67

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Rheumatology International.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016) Hundreds Of Ancient Human Footprints Found In 19,000-Year-Old Volcanic Ash. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) National Aero-Space Plane: A Technology Development and Demonstration Program To Build the X-30. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zaegel BM (2012) An Evaluation of the School-wide Positive Behavior Intervention and Support Check In/Check Out Behavior Education Program. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland J (2016) New Rock Stars of Chess Riff, With a Whiff of Cold War Intrigue. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Rheumatology International
Abbreviation	Rheumatol. Int.
ISSN (print)	0172-8172
ISSN (online)	1437-160X
Scope	Immunology Immunology and Allergy Rheumatology