How to format your references using the Photochemistry and Photobiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Photochemistry and Photobiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Jayaraman, K. S. (2003) India budgets for boost in research. Nature 422, 6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Huang, A. S. and Tan, C. Y. H. (2010) Science and society. Achieving scientific eminence within Asia. Science 329, 1471–1472.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Fournier, A. E., GrandPre, T. and Strittmatter, S. M. (2001) Identification of a receptor mediating Nogo-66 inhibition of axonal regeneration. Nature 409, 341–346.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Stuber, G. D., Klanker, M., de Ridder, B., Bowers, M. S., Joosten, R. N., Feenstra, M. G. and Bonci, A. (2008) Reward-predictive cues enhance excitatory synaptic strength onto midbrain dopamine neurons. Science 321, 1690–1692.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Alberty, R. A. (2011) Enzyme Kinetics: Rapid-Equilibrium Enzyme Kinetics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

1. Azevedo, J. C., Perera, A. H. and Pinto, M. A. eds. (2014) Forest Landscapes and Global Change: Challenges for Research and Management. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Babin, A. and Figotin, A. (2016) Dipole Approximation for Localized Distributed Charges. In Neoclassical Theory of Electromagnetic Interactions: A Single Theory for Macroscopic and Microscopic Scales (Edited by Figotin, A.) Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, pp. 101–105. Springer, London.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Photochemistry and Photobiology.

Blog post

1. Fang, J. (2015) Pizzlies and Other Hybrids Won’t Become More Common With Climate Change. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/pizzlies-and-other-hybrids-wont-become-more-common-climate-change/. Accessed on 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office (1988) ADP Budget Analysis: SSA’s Information Systems Funding for Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Nagarajan, S. (2009)Migration, remittances, and household health: Evidence from South Africa. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Koblin, J. (2017) Two Asian-American Actors in ‘Hawaii Five-0’ Depart. New York Times B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Photochemistry and Photobiology
ISSN (print)	0031-8655
ISSN (online)	1751-1097
Scope