How to format your references using the Recycling citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Recycling. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schiermeier, Q. Catalonian Powerhouse. Nature 2008, 454, 248–249.

A journal article with 2 authors

Endy, D.; Brent, R. Modelling Cellular Behaviour. Nature 2001, 409, 391–395.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhu, G.; Golding, G.B.; Dean, A.M. The Selective Cause of an Ancient Adaptation. Science 2005, 307, 1279–1282.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Banavar, J.R.; Damuth, J.; Maritan, A.; Rinaldo, A. Ontogenetic Growth: Modelling Universality and Scaling. Nature 2002, 420, 626; discussion 626-7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cleaver, H.; Cawson, P.; Gorin, S.; Walker, S. Safeguarding Children; John Wiley & Sons Ltd.: Chichester, West Sussex, UK, 2009; ISBN 9780470721506.

An edited book

Borghesi, S. The European Emission Trading System and Its Followers: Comparative Analysis and Linking Perspectives; Montini, M., Barreca, A., Eds.; SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; ISBN 9783319311852.

A chapter in an edited book

Vidas, T.; Owusu, E.; Wang, S.; Zeng, C.; Cranor, L.F.; Christin, N. QRishing: The Susceptibility of Smartphone Users to QR Code Phishing Attacks. In Financial Cryptography and Data Security: FC 2013 Workshops, USEC and WAHC 2013, Okinawa, Japan, April 1, 2013, Revised Selected Papers; Adams, A.A., Brenner, M., Smith, M., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013; pp. 52–69 ISBN 9783642413193.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Recycling.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Bald Eagles Make A Comeback (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office West Coast Ports: Better Supply Chain Information Could Improve DOT’s Freight Efforts; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2016;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Walker, M. Industry - Higher Education Partnerships: A Case Study Analysis of Learning Together. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University: Malibu, CA, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Weiser, B.; Schwirtz, M. Prison Guards Will Not Be Charged in an Inmate’s Death in 2015, Prosecutors Say. New York Times 2017, A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Recycling
ISSN (online)	2313-4321
Scope