How to format your references using the Radiotherapy and Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiotherapy and Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Wolpert L. The well-spring. Nature 2000;405:887.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Oppenheimer SJ, Richards M. Polynesian origins. Slow boat to Melanesia? Nature 2001;410:166–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Lutz W, Cuaresma JC, Sanderson W. Economics. The demography of educational attainment and economic growth. Science 2008;319:1047–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Hinkov V, Pailhès S, Bourges P, Sidis Y, Ivanov A, Kulakov A, et al. Two-dimensional geometry of spin excitations in the high-transition-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x. Nature 2004;430:650–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Schwartz D. The Future of Finance. 2 Clementi Loop, #02-01, Singapore 129809: John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Mandal DK, Syan CS, editors. CAD/CAM, Robotics and Factories of the Future: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on CARs & FoF 2016. New Delhi: Springer India; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Burnett LE, Hoffman A. Insights, Trends, and 360-Degree Marketing. In: Hoffman A, editor. Black Is the New Green: Marketing to Affluent African Americans, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2010, p. 99–119.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiotherapy and Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Stripes On A Lizard’s Head Divert Predator Strikes To Its Expendable Tail Instead. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/stripes-on-a-lizards-head-divert-predator-strikes-to-its-expendable-tail-instead/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Intercity Passenger Rail: The Congress Faces Critical Decisions About the Role of and Funding for Intercity Passenger Rail Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Tran LN. Low-cost vehicle remote diagnostic system. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

George T. Silly Bandz, the Bracelets That Spring Off Shelves. New York Times 2010:A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiotherapy and Oncology
Abbreviation	Radiother. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	0167-8140
Scope	Hematology Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging