How to format your references using the Radiotherapy and Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiotherapy and Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Guenin LM. Essays on science and society. Morals and primordials. Science 2001;292:1659–60.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Côté J-F, Vuori K. Cell biology. Two lipids that give direction. Science 2009;324:346–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Immerzeel WW, van Beek LPH, Bierkens MFP. Climate change will affect the Asian water towers. Science 2010;328:1382–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Yeh A, Soh Y-A, Brooke J, Aeppli G, Rosenbaum TF, Hayden SM. Quantum phase transition in a common metal. Nature 2002;419:459–62.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

McMaster MC. HPLC. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

[1]

Guliš G, Mekel O, Ádám B, Cori L, editors. Assessment of Population Health Risks of Policies. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Makhortykh SV. The North Black Sea Steppes in the Cimmerian Epoch. In: Marian Scott E, Alekseev AY, Zaitseva G, editors. Impact of the Environment on Human Migration in Eurasia, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005, p. 35–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiotherapy and Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

Taub B. A Monkey Has Survived For A Record Period Of Time With A Pig’s Heart. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: Evolution and Status of FAA’s Automation Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Mirzalou R. Design and simulation of an 8-PSK super regenerative receiver with new phase detection technique. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Shear MD. Ask Him Anything, Unless It’s About Trump. New York Times 2017:A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiotherapy and Oncology
Abbreviation	Radiother. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	0167-8140
Scope	Hematology Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging