How to format your references using the Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wilczek F. Setting standards. Nature. 2002 Jan 17;415(6869):265.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wennerås C, Wold A. A chair of one’s own. Nature. 2000 Dec 7;408(6813):647.

A journal article with 3 authors

Giribet G, Edgecombe GD, Wheeler WC. Arthropod phylogeny based on eight molecular loci and morphology. Nature. 2001 Sep 13;413(6852):157–61.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wang L, Fan C, Topol SE, Topol EJ, Wang Q. Mutation of MEF2A in an inherited disorder with features of coronary artery disease. Science. 2003 Nov 28;302(5650):1578–81.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Godwin W. International Construction Contracts. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Godart B, de Rooij M, Wood JGM, editors. Guide to Diagnosis and Appraisal of AAR Damage to Concrete in Structures: Part 1 Diagnosis (AAR 6.1). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. X, 91 p. (RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports; vol. 12).

A chapter in an edited book

Seffah A, Metzker E. ACUE Architecture and Components. In: Seffah A, Metzker E, editors. Adoption-centric Usability Engineering: Systematic Deployment, Assessment and Improvement of Usability Methods in Software Engineering. London: Springer; 2009. p. 59–71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus.

Blog post

Andrew E. 8 Amazing Natural Phenomena [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/amazing-natural-phenomena/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Pell Grant Validation Imposes Some Costs and Does Not Greatly Reduce Award Errors: New Strategies Are Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1985 Sep. Report No.: PEMD-85-10.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pease M. Progress towards the Synthesis of a Potent, Bioavailable and Selective Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase-1 Inactivator [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. One Man, Two Courts. New York Times. 2010 Apr 11;WK11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Abbreviation	J. AAPOS
ISSN (print)	1091-8531
ISSN (online)	1528-3933
Scope	Ophthalmology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health

Research and Writing Guides