How to format your references using the Hernia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hernia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Flückiger J (2008) Climate change. Did you say “fast”? Science 321:650–651

A journal article with 2 authors

Singh BP, Cowie AL (2014) Long-term influence of biochar on native organic carbon mineralisation in a low-carbon clayey soil. Sci Rep 4:3687

A journal article with 3 authors

Storch NI, Anderson KR, Lai D (2014) Chaotic dynamics of stellar spin in binaries and the production of misaligned hot Jupiters. Science 345:1317–1321

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bukowski MR, Koehntop KD, Stubna A, et al (2005) A thiolate-ligated nonheme oxoiron(IV) complex relevant to cytochrome P450. Science 310:1000–1002

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fickelscherer RJ, Chester DL (2012) Optimal Automated Process Fault Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Lalmas M, Jose J, Rauber A, et al (2010) Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries: 14th European Conference, ECDL 2010, Glasgow, UK, September 6-10, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Breu J, Menth M (2014) An Improved Relevance Estimation Function for Cooperative Awareness Messages in VANETs. In: Sikora A, Berbineau M, Vinel A, et al (eds) Communication Technologies for Vehicles: 6th International Workshop, Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains/Nets4Aircraft 2014, Offenburg, Germany, May 6-7, 2014. Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 43–56

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hernia.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Graphene Defies Thermal Conductivity Law. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2013) Army Networks: Size and Scope of Modernization Investment Merit Increased Oversight. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Runyan TE (2017) A Machine Learning Approach to Quantifying Likely Locations of Gas and Gas Hydrate Accumulation. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland J (2017) Harry Belafonte Knows the Score. New York Times MB1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Hernia
Abbreviation	Hernia
ISSN (print)	1265-4906
ISSN (online)	1248-9204
Scope	Surgery

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