How to format your references using the Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Siegel JS. Chemistry. Driving the formation of molecular knots. Science. 2012;338(6108):752–753.

A journal article with 2 authors

Matthias S, Müller F. Asymmetric pores in a silicon membrane acting as massively parallel brownian ratchets. Nature. 2003;424(6944):53–57.

A journal article with 3 authors

Begun DR, Richmond BG, Strait DS. Comment on “Origin of human bipedalism as an adaptation for locomotion on flexible branches.” Science. 2007;318(5853):1066; author reply 1066.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Miquel C, Paz JP, Saraceno M, Knill E, Laflamme R, Negrevergne C. Interpretation of tomography and spectroscopy as dual forms of quantum computation. Nature. 2002;418(6893):59–62.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Räisänen V. Service Modelling. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Järveläinen J, Li H, Tuikka A-M, Kuusela T, editors. Co-created Effective, Agile, and Trusted eServices: 15th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, ICEC 2013, Turku, Finland, August 13-15, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Shaikh SH, Saeed K, Chaki N. Databases for Research. In: Saeed K, Chaki N, editors. Moving Object Detection Using Background Subtraction. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 49–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. 14 Surprising Psychological Reasons Someone Might Fall In Love With You. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/14-surprising-psychological-reasons-someone-might-fall-in-love-with-you/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommuting: Overview of Challenges Facing Federal Agencies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001 Sep. Report No.: GAO-01-1116T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Astorga J. Mentoring program for emancipated foster youth: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira S. Mixed Signals on the Runways. New York Times. February 15, 2017;D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiology
Abbreviation	Radiology
ISSN (print)	0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging