How to format your references using the Radiological Physics and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiological Physics and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Godfray HCJ. Ecology. Society, where none intrudes. Science. 2014;343:1213–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Retchless AC, Lawrence JG. Temporal fragmentation of speciation in bacteria. Science. 2007;317:1093–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Lan R, Irvine JTS, Tao S. Synthesis of ammonia directly from air and water at ambient temperature and pressure. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1145.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Hankins TH, Kern JS, Weatherall JC, Eilek JA. Nanosecond radio bursts from strong plasma turbulence in the Crab pulsar. Nature. 2003;422:141–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Reiman J. As Free and as Just as Possible. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

An edited book

1. Huang W. Adaptive Moving Mesh Methods. Russell RD, editor. New York, NY: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Gorbachev DV. Multidimensional Extremal Logan’s and Bohman’s Problems. In: Ruzhansky M, Tikhonov S, editors. Methods of Fourier Analysis and Approximation Theory. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 43–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiological Physics and Technology.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. SpaceX’s Next Rocket Will Liftoff From A Historic Former Space Shuttle Launch Pad. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: OMB Needs to Improve Its Guidance on IT Investments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011 Sep. Report No.: GAO-11-826.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. McGary J. Gender and the poverty-conflict trap [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly SR. Mr. Trump, Korea’s Border Is Huge! New York Times. 2015 Aug 20;A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiological Physics and Technology
Abbreviation	Radiol. Phys. Technol.
ISSN (print)	1865-0333
ISSN (online)	1865-0341
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiation Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation