How to format your references using the Radiological Physics and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiological Physics and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. McCave IN. Paleoclimate. A poisoned chalice? Science. 2002;298:1186–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Milne S, Hinde R. Obituary: Joseph Rotblat 1908-2005. Nature. 2005;437:634.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Tarlinton RE, Meers J, Young PR. Retroviral invasion of the koala genome. Nature. 2006;442:79–81.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Gupta JA, Knobel R, Samarth N, Awschalom DD. Ultrafast manipulation of electron spin coherence. Science. 2001;292:2458–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Runcie T, Dochtermann M. Making Effective Business Decisions Using Microsoft Project. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Chadwick D, Zhao G, editors. Public Key Infrastructure: Second European PKI Workshop: Research and Applications, EuroPKI 2005, Canterbury, UK, June 30 - July 1, 2005, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Tayaran E, Schiffauerova A. The Role of Internal and External Sources of Knowledge in the Product Lifecycle in Biotechnology Sector. In: Rivest L, Bouras A, Louhichi B, editors. Product Lifecycle Management Towards Knowledge-Rich Enterprises: IFIP WG 51 International Conference, PLM 2012, Montreal, QC, Canada, July 9-11, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 46–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiological Physics and Technology.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. Electrical Shocks Bring Patients Out Of Comatose States For Up To A Week. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Overview of the Cramming Problem. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Oct. Report No.: T-RCED-00-28.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Roberts DM. Resilience in Physically Maltreated Adolescents: Interpersonally Related Protective Factors and Gender Differences [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Pennington B. Youth Sports Go Broke as Trusted Adults Steal. New York Times. 2016 Jul 7;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiological Physics and Technology
Abbreviation	Radiol. Phys. Technol.
ISSN (print)	1865-0333
ISSN (online)	1865-0341
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiation Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation