How to format your references using the Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Kramer A. Circadian rhythms. When the circadian clock becomes blind. Science. 2015;347:476–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Türkmen YE, Aggarwal VK. A simpler route for making nitrogen-alkene rings. [corrected]. Science. 2014;343:33–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Garlaschelli D, Caldarelli G, Pietronero L. Universal scaling relations in food webs. Nature. 2003;423:165–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Kenet T, Bibitchkov D, Tsodyks M, Grinvald A, Arieli A. Spontaneously emerging cortical representations of visual attributes. Nature. 2003;425:954–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG. MAK- und BAT-Werte-Liste 2013. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2013.

An edited book

1. Chen Y-W, C. Jain L, editors. Subspace Methods for Pattern Recognition in Intelligent Environment. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Itzstein M von, Thomson R. Anti-Influenza Drugs: The Development of Sialidase Inhibitors. In: Kräusslich H-G, Bartenschlager R, editors. Antiviral Strategies. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 111–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Adidas Create a Shoe Made Almost Entirely From Ocean Garbage. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Examination of Financial Operations for Fiscal Year 1975 Shows Need for Improvements in the Guaranteed Student Loan Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977 Feb. Report No.: FOD-76-23.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Schloesser K. Improving services for persons with developmental disabilities through the utilization of person-centered thinking: A grant-writing project [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Markoff J. Defying Roadblocks, Silicon Valley Tests a Flying Car. New York Times. 2017 Apr 24;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (online)	1748-717X
Scope	Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging