How to format your references using the Quaternary Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Quaternary Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Melhuish, E.C., 2011. Education. Preschool matters. Science 333, 299–300.

A journal article with 2 authors

Frede, J., Jones, P.H., 2013. Development. Permission to proliferate. Science 342, 1183–1184.

A journal article with 3 authors

Coppedè, N., Villani, M., Gentile, F., 2014. Diffusion driven selectivity in organic electrochemical transistors. Sci. Rep. 4, 4297.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bailey, J.V., Joye, S.B., Kalanetra, K.M., Flood, B.E., Corsetti, F.A., 2007. Evidence of giant sulphur bacteria in Neoproterozoic phosphorites. Nature 445, 198–201.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Silverstein, D., Samuel, P., Decarlo, N., 2008. The Innovator’s Toolkit. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Albers, S., Alt, H., Näher, S. (Eds.), 2009. Efficient Algorithms: Essays Dedicated to Kurt Mehlhorn on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Bonami, P., 2011. Lift-and-Project Cuts for Mixed Integer Convex Programs, in: Günlük, O., Woeginger, G.J. (Eds.), Integer Programming and Combinatoral Optimization: 15th International Conference, IPCO 2011, New York, NY, USA, June 15-17, 2011. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 52–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Quaternary Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Scientist Creates Diamonds From Peanut Butter [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/scientist-creates-diamonds-peanut-butter/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2007. USDA: Information on Classical Plant and Animal Breeding Activities (No. GAO-07-1171R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shaw, R.M., 2012. The influence of organizational culture on employee attitudes towards information security policy (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, C., 2008. Over the Years, It Feels Right at Home. New York Times LI4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Melhuish, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Frede and Jones, 2013; Melhuish, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Frede and Jones, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Bailey et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Quaternary Research
Abbreviation	Quat. Res.
ISSN (print)	0033-5894
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) General Earth and Planetary Sciences Earth-Surface Processes

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