How to format your references using the Pathobiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathobiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buckingham S. Finding your way. Nature. 2003 Sep;425(6954):209.

A journal article with 2 authors

Goldenfeld N, Woese C. Biology’s next revolution. Nature. 2007 Jan;445(7126):369.

A journal article with 3 authors

Locher KP, Lee AT, Rees DC. The E. coli BtuCD structure: a framework for ABC transporter architecture and mechanism. Science. 2002 May;296(5570):1091–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wuite GJ, Smith SB, Young M, Keller D, Bustamante C. Single-molecule studies of the effect of template tension on T7 DNA polymerase activity. Nature. 2000 Mar;404(6773):103–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Williams DL. Ophthalmology of Exotic Pets. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2012.

An edited book

Pimentel D, Peshin R, editors. Integrated Pest Management: Pesticide Problems, Vol.3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Kolkowska E, Avatare Nöu A, Sjölinder M, Scandurra I. Socio-Technical Challenges in Implementation of Monitoring Technologies in Elderly Care. In: Zhou J, Salvendy G, editors. Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Healthy and Active Aging: Second International Conference, ITAP 2016, Held as Part of HCI International 2016 Toronto, ON, Canada, July 17–22, 2016, Proceedings, Part II. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016; pp 45–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathobiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Insecticide-Drenched Nets Could Have Encouraged The Emergence Of Resistant Hybrid “Super” Mosquitoes [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Jan [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/insecticide-drenched-nets-could-have-encouraged-emergence-resistant-hybrid-super/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Selection and Use of Contractor for Development of a Management Information System for the Atomic Energy Commission. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Flynn MJ. Lifeguard employability skills. 2013

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Support From Berlusconi. New York Times. 2002 Apr;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathobiology
Abbreviation	Pathobiology
ISSN (print)	1015-2008
ISSN (online)	1423-0291
Scope	Cell Biology Molecular Biology General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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