How to format your references using the Quaternary Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Quaternary Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ferry, G., 2013. Scientific heritage: Science today, history tomorrow. Nature 493, 19–21.

A journal article with 2 authors

Forneris, F., Mattevi, A., 2008. Enzymes without borders: mobilizing substrates, delivering products. Science 321, 213–216.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li, Y., Yi, M., Zou, X., 2014. The linear interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic noises ensures a high accuracy of cell fate selection in budding yeast. Sci. Rep. 4, 5764.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hu, Y., Peng, K.-Q., Liu, L., Qiao, Z., Huang, X., Wu, X.-L., Meng, X.-M., Lee, S.-T., 2014. Continuous-flow mass production of silicon nanowires via substrate-enhanced metal-catalyzed electroless etching of silicon with dissolved oxygen as an oxidant. Sci. Rep. 4, 3667.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schoukens, J., Pintelon, R., Rolain, Y., 2012. Mastering System Identification in 100 Exercises. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Priami, C., Merelli, E., Gonzalez, P., Omicini, A. (Eds.), 2005. Transactions on Computational Systems Biology III, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Subrahmanyam, K., Šmahel, D., 2011. Intimacy and the Internet: Relationships with Friends, Romantic Partners, and Family Members, in: Smahel, D. (Ed.), Digital Youth: The Role of Media in Development, Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 81–102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Quaternary Research.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2016. From Medical Treatment To Diet And Lifestyle Choice: How To Spot Unreliable Health Research [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1993. HHS-Supported Research on Violence Prevention (No. HRD-93-11R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fregoso, J., 2015. Through the pipeline: Degree aspirations of African American and Latino males enrolled in California community colleges (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Oestreich, J.R., 2016. A Festival to Re-energize Your Inner Self. New York Times C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ferry, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Ferry, 2013; Forneris and Mattevi, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Forneris and Mattevi, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Hu et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Quaternary Research
Abbreviation	Quat. Res.
ISSN (print)	0033-5894
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) General Earth and Planetary Sciences Earth-Surface Processes