How to format your references using the Qualitative Sociology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Qualitative Sociology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rasio, Frederic A. 2011. Astronomy. A black widow’s best friend? Science (New York, N.Y.) 333: 1712–1713.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bramwell, S. T., and M. J. Gingras. 2001. Spin ice state in frustrated magnetic pyrochlore materials. Science (New York, N.Y.) 294: 1495–1501.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fortes, A. Dominic, Emmanuelle Suard, and Kevin S. Knight. 2011. Negative linear compressibility and massive anisotropic thermal expansion in methanol monohydrate. Science (New York, N.Y.) 331: 742–746.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Huang, Chuan-Hsiang, Diana Mandelker, Oleg Schmidt-Kittler, Yardena Samuels, Victor E. Velculescu, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein, Sandra B. Gabelli, and L. Mario Amzel. 2007. The structure of a human p110alpha/p85alpha complex elucidates the effects of oncogenic PI3Kalpha mutations. Science (New York, N.Y.) 318: 1744–1748.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Walker, Mark. 2013. Happy-People-Pills For All. Oxford, UK: Wiley Blackwell.

An edited book

Liljedahl, Peter. 2016. Problem Solving in Mathematics Education. Edited by Manuel Santos-Trigo, Uldarico Malaspina, and Regina Bruder. ICME-13 Topical Surveys. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Bivand, Roger S., Edzer Pebesma, and Virgilio Gómez-Rubio. 2013. Further Methods for Handling Spatial Data. In Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R, ed. Edzer Pebesma and Virgilio Gómez-Rubio, 127–150. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Qualitative Sociology.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. Nature Can’t Pay Its Own Way – So Let’s Take The Market Out Of Conservation. IFLScience. IFLScience. September 18.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1989. Space Operations: Listing of NASA Scientific Missions, 1980-2000. IMTEC-89-46FS. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lucky-Medford, Lindsay. 2010. A gendered approach to synaesthesia using the poetry of John Keats and Emily Dickinson. Doctoral dissertation, Boca Raton, FL: Florida Atlantic University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Novick, Susan M. 2016. Satisfying the Sweet (and Savory) Tooth. New York Times, August 28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rasio 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Bramwell and Gingras 2001; Rasio 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bramwell and Gingras 2001)
Three or more authors: (Huang et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Qualitative Sociology
Abbreviation	Qual. Sociol.
ISSN (print)	0162-0436
ISSN (online)	1573-7837
Scope	Sociology and Political Science