How to format your references using the Qeios citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Qeios. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

{r/1/ David W. Borhani. (2011). Comment on “A bacterium that can grow by using arsenic instead of phosphorus.” Science. 332(6034):1149; author reply 1149. PubMed PMID: 21622711 /}

A journal article with 2 authors

{r/1/ Carrie R. Cowan, Anthony A. Hyman. (2004). Centrosomes direct cell polarity independently of microtubule assembly in C. elegans embryos. Nature. 431(7004):92–96. PubMed PMID: 15343338 /}

A journal article with 3 authors

{r/1/ A. R. Dinner, G. M. Blackburn, M. Karplus. (2001). Uracil-DNA glycosylase acts by substrate autocatalysis. Nature. 413(6857):752–755. PubMed PMID: 11607036 /}

A journal article with 6 or more authors

{r/1/ Andrew D. King, Juan Carrasquilla, Jack Raymond, Isil Ozfidan, Evgeny Andriyash, et al. (2018). Observation of topological phenomena in a programmable lattice of 1,800 qubits. Nature. 560(7719):456–460. PubMed PMID: 30135527 /}

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

{r/1/ Szabolcs Michael de Gyurky. (2006). The Cognitive Dynamics of Computer Science. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 9780470036440 /}

An edited book

{r/1/ Milan Vujičić, Jeffrey Sandersoneditors. (2008). Linear Algebra Thoroughly Explained. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer XII, 288 p. ISBN 9783540746379 /}

A chapter in an edited book

{r/1/ Mohammad Rastgaar, Nina Mahmoudian. Robustness of Orthogonal Eigenstructure Control to Actuators Failure. In: Reza N. Jazar, Liming Daieditors. Nonlinear Approaches in Engineering Applications 2.: New York, NY: Springer 2014. pp. 137–166. ISBN 9781461468769 /}

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Qeios.

Blog post

{r/1/ Danielle Andrew. First Working Eggs Made From Stem Cells Points To Fertility Breakthrough. In: IFLScience [Internet].: IFLScience 19 Oct 2016[cited 30 Oct 2018]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/first-working-eggs-made-from-stem-cells-points-to-fertility-breakthrough/ /}

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

{r/1/ Government Accountability Office. (1973 Apr). Revisions Needed in Financial Management Policies of the Federal Government’s Automatic Data Processing Fund. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1973. Report No.: B-115369. /}

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

{r/1/ Jessica McGary. (2012). Gender and the poverty-conflict trap. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona. /}

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

{r/1/ James Risen, Sheri Fink. (2017). Pentagon Unit Considered Establishing a Secret Overseas Prison. New York Times. :A19. /}

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Qeios
ISSN (print)	2632-3834
Scope