How to format your references using the Pythagoras citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pythagoras. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rice, C. (2011). Perspective: miles to go before we sleep. Nature, 474(7350), S8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pawlowska, T. E., & Taylor, J. W. (2004). Organization of genetic variation in individuals of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Nature, 427(6976), 733–737.

A journal article with 3 authors

Trainor, P. A., Ariza-McNaughton, L., & Krumlauf, R. (2002). Role of the isthmus and FGFs in resolving the paradox of neural crest plasticity and prepatterning. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5558), 1288–1291.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Dominguez-Sola, D., Ying, C. Y., Grandori, C., Ruggiero, L., Chen, B., Li, M., Galloway, D. A., Gu, W., Gautier, J., & Dalla-Favera, R. (2007). Non-transcriptional control of DNA replication by c-Myc. Nature, 448(7152), 445–451.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grous, A. (2012). Fracture Mechanics 3. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ritsner, M. S., & Awad, A. G. (Eds.). (2007). Quality of Life Impairment in Schizophrenia, Mood and Anxiety Disorders: New Perspectives on Research and Treatment. Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

King-Lacroix, J., & Martin, A. (2014). KEDS: Decentralised Network Security for the Smart Home Environment. In J. Cuellar (Ed.), Smart Grid Security: Second International Workshop, SmartGridSec 2014, Munich, Germany, February 26, 2014, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 63–78). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pythagoras.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, May 13). Drug Could Rejuvenate Aging Brain And Muscle Tissue. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1986). Special Education: Financing Health and Educational Services for Handicapped Children (HRD-86-62BR). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McPeek, S. E. (2017). Religious Rhetoric and the Radio: The Sermons of Rev. Dr. Oswald C.J. Hoffmann, International Lutheran Hour Speaker, 1955-1985 [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gelles, S. M. (2016, January 3). Sweating Out a Singles Mixer From Behind a Stall. New York Times, ST5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rice, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Pawlowska & Taylor, 2004; Rice, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pawlowska & Taylor, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Dominguez-Sola et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pythagoras
ISSN (print)	1012-2346
ISSN (online)	2223-7895
Scope