How to format your references using the Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Haggard P. Neuroscience. The sources of human volition. Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):731–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Doumy G, DiMauro LF. Chemistry. Interrogating molecules. Science. 2008 Nov 21;322(5905):1194–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Loeffler JM, Nelson D, Fischetti VA. Rapid killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae with a bacteriophage cell wall hydrolase. Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2170–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Jadzinsky PD, Calero G, Ackerson CJ, Bushnell DA, Kornberg RD. Structure of a thiol monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle at 1.1 A resolution. Science. 2007 Oct 19;318(5849):430–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Makishima A. Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS). Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2016.

An edited book

Grimshaw R, editor. Nonlinear Waves in Fluids: Recent Advances and Modern Applications. Vienna: Springer; 2005. VIII, 196 p. 31 illus. (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, Courses and Lectures; vol. 483).

A chapter in an edited book

Sanchez-Infantes D, Stephens JM. Role of Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. In: Orešič M, Vidal-Puig A, editors. A Systems Biology Approach to Study Metabolic Syndrome. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 63–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal.

Blog post

Andrews R. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Scientists Can Now Make Leukemia Cells Kill Each Other. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-can-now-make-leukemia-cells-kill-each-other/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Station: Cost Control Difficulties Continue. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 Jul. Report No.: T-NSIAD-96-210.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Palmer CM. Intramural scheduling time preferences to increase student participation [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Widdicombe B. Charming for a Cause. New York Times. 2017 Jan 4;D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal
ISSN (print)	0738-0658
Scope