How to format your references using the Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Muro M. MOUNT GRAHAM: Report Finds Squirrels Survived 3 Telescopes. Science. 2000 Jul 14;289(5477):228a.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sylwestrak EL, Ghosh A. Elfn1 regulates target-specific release probability at CA1-interneuron synapses. Science. 2012 Oct 26;338(6106):536–40.

A journal article with 3 authors

Abu-Raddad LJ, Patnaik P, Kublin JG. Dual infection with HIV and malaria fuels the spread of both diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1603–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bebenek K, Tissier A, Frank EG, McDonald JP, Prasad R, Wilson SH, et al. 5’-Deoxyribose phosphate lyase activity of human DNA polymerase iota in vitro. Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2156–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Biegelman MT. Faces of Fraud. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Bui AAT, Taira RK, editors. Medical Imaging Informatics. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2010. XXII, 446 p. 50 illus.

A chapter in an edited book

Li Y, Thomason M, Parker LE. Sequential Anomaly Detection Using Wireless Sensor Networks in Unknown Environment. In: Spagnolo P, Mazzeo PL, Distante C, editors. Human Behavior Understanding in Networked Sensing: Theory and Applications of Networks of Sensors. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 99–123.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Anthrax Toxin Could Be Used To Deliver Cancer Drugs. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/anthrax-toxin-could-be-used-deliver-cancer-drugs/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Status of Research on the Safety of Cellular Telephones. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Nov. Report No.: RCED-95-32.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Freund SH. The Relationship of Academic Courses to Skills Required Of Automobile Repair Technicians [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard B. Decline in Oil Prices Lands on Government Workers as Saudi Arabia Cuts Paychecks. New York Times. 2016 Sep 27;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal
ISSN (print)	0738-0658
Scope