How to format your references using the Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zwerger W. Physics. Seeing the superfluid transition of a gas. Science. 2012 Feb 3;335(6068):549–50.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ainslie G, Monterosso J. Behavior. A marketplace in the brain? Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):421–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Silk JB, Alberts SC, Altmann J. Social bonds of female baboons enhance infant survival. Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1231–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Pfeifer M, Boncristiano S, Bondolfi L, Stalder A, Deller T, Staufenbiel M, et al. Cerebral hemorrhage after passive anti-Abeta immunotherapy. Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1379.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ben Mahmoud MS, Larrieu N, Pirovano A. Risk Propagation Assessment for Network Security. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Samuel CE, editor. Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) and A-to-I Editing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. X, 238 p. (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology; vol. 353).

A chapter in an edited book

Keith M, Schnicariol M. Object-Relational Mapping. In: Schnicariol M, editor. Pro JPA 2: Mastering the Java^TM Persistence API. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2010. p. 69–106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal.

Blog post

Carpineti A. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Could Dark Energy Contribute To The Arrow Of Time? Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/could-dark-energy-contribute-arrow-time/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Opportunities to Reduce Potential Duplication in Federal Teacher Quality Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011 Apr. Report No.: GAO-11-510T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sosa Tzec O. Delightful Interactive Systems: A Rhetorical Examination [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman J. In Defense of the Donkey. New York Times. 2016 Oct 31;D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal
ISSN (print)	0738-0658
Scope