How to format your references using the Public Health Nutrition citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Public Health Nutrition. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Florig HK (2002) Public health. Is safe mail worth the price? Science 295, 1467–1468.

A journal article with 2 authors

Buehler MJ & Gao H (2006) Dynamical fracture instabilities due to local hyperelasticity at crack tips. Nature 439, 307–310.

A journal article with 3 authors

Haile-Selassie Y, Suwa G & White TD (2004) Late Miocene teeth from Middle Awash, Ethiopia, and early hominid dental evolution. Science 303, 1503–1505.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Singer T, Seymour B, O’Doherty J, et al. (2004) Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science 303, 1157–1162.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Knowles R (2008) 150 Contractual Problems and their Solutions. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

An edited book

Beckford CL & Rhiney K (editors) (2016) Globalization, Agriculture and Food in the Caribbean: Climate Change, Gender and Geography. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

A chapter in an edited book

Balamohan B, Flocchini P, Miri A, et al. (2010) Time Optimal Algorithms for Black Hole Search in Rings. In Combinatorial Optimization and Applications: 4th International Conference, COCOA 2010, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, December 18-20, 2010, Proceedings, Part II, pp. 58–71 [Wu W, Daescu O, editors]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Public Health Nutrition.

Blog post

Hale T (2015) Brain Monitor Ensures You Aren’t Aware While Under Anesthetic. IFLScience. IFLScience; https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/brain-monitor-ensures-you-arent-aware-under-anesthetic/ (accessed October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2016) NASA: Assessments of Major Projects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hayes ET (2012) Musical improvisation and the creative process. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B (2016) U.S. Player Cleared in Meldonium Inquiry. New York Times, B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference ⁽¹⁾.
This sentence cites two references ^(1,2).
This sentence cites four references ^(1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Public Health Nutrition
Abbreviation	Public Health Nutr.
ISSN (print)	1368-9800
ISSN (online)	1475-2727
Scope	Medicine (miscellaneous) Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Nutrition and Dietetics