How to format your references using the Psychiatric Annals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Psychiatric Annals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Damasio A. Mental self: The person within. Nature. 2003;423(6937):227.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fienberg SE, Prewitt K. Save your census. Nature. 2010;466(7310):1043.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gravina B, Mellars P, Ramsey CB. Radiocarbon dating of interstratified Neanderthal and early modern human occupations at the Chatelperronian type-site. Nature. 2005;438(7064):51-56.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Li M, Tou WI, Zhou H, et al. Developing hypothetical inhibition mechanism of novel urea transporter B inhibitor. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5775.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ni Z, Pacoret C, Benosman R, Régnier S. Haptic Feedback Teleoperation of Optical Tweezers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Su Y. Principles of Compilers: A New Approach to Compilers Including the Algebraic Method. (Yan SY, ed.). Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Gheorghe G, Neuhaus S, Crispo B. xESB: An Enterprise Service Bus for Access and Usage Control Policy Enforcement. In: Nishigaki M, Jøsang A, Murayama Y, Marsh S, eds. Trust Management IV: 4th IFIP WG 11.11 International Conference, IFIPTM 2010, Morioka, Japan, June 16-18, 2010. Proceedings. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Springer; 2010:63-78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Psychiatric Annals.

Blog post

Andrew E. How Alcohol Makes You Friendlier – But Only To Certain People. IFLScience. May 19, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-alcohol-makes-you-friendlier-only-certain-people/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Status of Budget Authority Involved in Three Rescissions. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Blackmar MD. Wagner Domesticated, Wagner Democratized: The Parlor Reception of Musikdrama. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. The Week; LIPA Ponders Fate of Wind Farm as Costs Rise. New York Times. July 8, 2007:14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Psychiatric Annals
Abbreviation	Psychiatr. Ann.
ISSN (print)	0048-5713
ISSN (online)	1938-2456
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health