How to format your references using the Psychiatric Annals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Psychiatric Annals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Savage N. Materials science: Super carbon. Nature. 2012;483(7389):S30-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. The ethylene signaling pathway. Science. 2004;306(5701):1513-1515.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kim M, Carman CV, Springer TA. Bidirectional transmembrane signaling by cytoplasmic domain separation in integrins. Science. 2003;301(5640):1720-1725.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mizuno Y, Hayashi N, Tanaka H, Nakamura K, Todoroki SI. Propagation mechanism of polymer optical fiber fuse. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4800.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tan Y. Artificial Immune System Applications in Computersecurity. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Balzer K. Nonequilibrium Green’s Functions Approach to Inhomogeneous Systems. Vol 867. (Bonitz M, ed.). Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Foucaud F, Kovše M. On Graph Identification Problems and the Special Case of Identifying Vertices Using Paths. In: Arumugam S, Smyth WF, eds. Combinatorial Algorithms: 23rd International Workshop, IWOCA 2012, Tamil Nadu, India, July 19-21, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2012:32-45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Psychiatric Annals.

Blog post

Andrew E. Newly Discovered Dinosaur Had Neck Half The Length Of Its Body. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Two Political Science Grants Awarded by the National Science Foundation. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Culumber JJ. Physician Practice Survival: The Role of Analytics in Shaping the Future. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Pension System Move May Squeeze Taxpayers. New York Times. December 22, 2016:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Psychiatric Annals
Abbreviation	Psychiatr. Ann.
ISSN (print)	0048-5713
ISSN (online)	1938-2456
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health