How to format your references using the Protein Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Protein Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Gelfand M (2013) What is to be done about Russian science? Nature 500:379.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Poldrack RA, Farah MJ (2015) Progress and challenges in probing the human brain. Nature 526:371–379.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Mlynarski SN, Schuster CH, Morken JP (2014) Asymmetric synthesis from terminal alkenes by cascades of diboration and cross-coupling. Nature 505:386–390.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

1. Li B, Friston KJ, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhang G, Cao F, Su L, Yao S, Lu H, Hu D (2014) Impaired frontal-basal ganglia connectivity in adolescents with internet addiction. Sci. Rep. 4:5027.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Moritz FG Electromechanical Motion Systems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

1. Chen X Lanthanide-Doped Luminescent Nanomaterials: From Fundamentals to Bioapplications. (Liu Y, Tu D, editors.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Flesca S, Furche T, Oro L Reasoning and Ontologies in Data Extraction. In: Eiter T, Krennwallner T, editors. Reasoning Web. Semantic Technologies for Advanced Query Answering: 8th International Summer School 2012, Vienna, Austria, September 3-8, 2012. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. pp. 184–210.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Protein Science.

Blog post

1. Davis J (2016) C-Sections Might Be Altering Human Evolution. IFLScience [Internet]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/csections-might-be-altering-human-evolution/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office Telecommunications: Challenges to Assessing and Improving Telecommunications for Native Americans on Tribal Lands. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Panjabi C (2010) Real and imagined immigrant identities in the public sphere: Representations of South Asian women in literary and television media.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Dailey M (2017) The Arts Fall Preview Is About to Drop. New York Times:A2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Protein Science
Abbreviation	Protein Sci.
ISSN (print)	0961-8368
ISSN (online)	1469-896x
Scope	Biochemistry Molecular Biology