How to format your references using the Protein Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Protein Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Stebbins JF (2002) Materials science. Dynamics in ceramics. Science 297:1285–1287.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Wang T, Overgaard J (2007) Ecology. The heartbreak of adapting to global warming. Science 315:49–50.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Alford RA, Bradfield KS, Richards SJ (2007) Ecology: global warming and amphibian losses. Nature 447:E3-4; discussion E5-6.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

1. Shalapour S, Lin X-J, Bastian IN, Brain J, Burt AD, Aksenov AA, Vrbanac AF, Li W, Perkins A, Matsutani T, et al. (2017) Erratum: Inflammation-induced IgA+ cells dismantle anti-liver cancer immunity. Nature 552:430.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Andersson C, Freeman D, James I, Johnston A, Ljung S Mobile Media and Applications - From Concept to Cash. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

1. Gaborit P ed Post-Quantum Cryptography: 5th International Workshop, PQCrypto 2013, Limoges, France, June 4-7, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Hunt KS, Ray JA, Jeter JM Hereditary Risk for Cancer. In: Alberts D, Hess LM, editors. Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. pp. 123–150.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Protein Science.

Blog post

1. Andrew E (2016) Men More Reluctant To Go To The Doctor – And It’s Putting Them At Risk. IFLScience [Internet]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/men-more-reluctant-go-doctor-and-it-s-putting-them-risk/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office [Question Concerning Protest Under Army IFB for Dependent School Transportation]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Mowery K (2015) Beneath the Attack Surface.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Protess B (2017) Law Firm Stocks Ranks With Ex-Federal Officials. New York Times:B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Protein Science
Abbreviation	Protein Sci.
ISSN (print)	0961-8368
ISSN (online)	1469-896x
Scope	Biochemistry Molecular Biology