How to format your references using the Protein Expression and Purification citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Protein Expression and Purification. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Knoepfler, Journal club. A cell biologist looks at the risk and promise of a new insight into stem cells and cancer, Nature 457 (2009) 361.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S. Sandeep, R.S. Ajayamohan, Origin of cold bias over the Arabian Sea in Climate Models, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6403.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S.K. Petersen-Mahrt, R.S. Harris, M.S. Neuberger, AID mutates E. coli suggesting a DNA deamination mechanism for antibody diversification, Nature 418 (2002) 99–103.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S.C. Althorpe, F. Fernández-Alonso, B.D. Bean, J.D. Ayers, A.E. Pomerantz, R.N. Zare, E. Wrede, Observation and interpretation of a time-delayed mechanism in the hydrogen exchange reaction, Nature 416 (2002) 67–70.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A.E. Morris, G. Geiger, H.A. Fine, Handbook on Material and Energy Balance Calculations in Material Processing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

C.M. Greene, ed., MicroRNAs and Other Non-Coding RNAs in Inflammation, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

N. Wilcock, C. Scholz, Overcoming Underdevelopment, in: C. Scholz (Ed.), Hartmut Elsenhans and a Critique of Capitalism: Conversations on Theory and Policy Implications, Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 2016: pp. 40–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Protein Expression and Purification.

Blog post

[1]

T. Hale, Watch What Happens When You Blow A Bubble In The Winter In Calgary, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Information Technology: Federal Laws, Regulations, and Mandatory Standards to Securing Private Sector Information Technology Systems and Data in Critical Infrastructure Sectors, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.M. Smith, (Un)Working Binaries, (Un)Doing Privilege: Narratives of Teachers Who Make Safe Spaces for LGBTQ Students, Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Pennington, After the Heisman, a Long, Lonely Slide, New York Times (2016) B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Protein Expression and Purification
Abbreviation	Protein Expr. Purif.
ISSN (print)	1046-5928
Scope	Biotechnology