How to format your references using the Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

V. Bromm, Chemistry. To cool or not to cool, Science 329 (2010) 45–46.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M. Zhu, X. Yu, A primitive fish close to the common ancestor of tetrapods and lungfish, Nature 418 (2002) 767–770.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Y. Xiao, J. Jiang, H. Huang, Chemical dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene with polyethylene glycol and hydroxide: dominant effect of temperature and ionic potential, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6305.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D.T. Montoro, A.L. Haber, M. Biton, V. Vinarsky, B. Lin, S.E. Birket, F. Yuan, S. Chen, H.M. Leung, J. Villoria, N. Rogel, G. Burgin, A.M. Tsankov, A. Waghray, M. Slyper, J. Waldman, L. Nguyen, D. Dionne, O. Rozenblatt-Rosen, P.R. Tata, H. Mou, M. Shivaraju, H. Bihler, M. Mense, G.J. Tearney, S.M. Rowe, J.F. Engelhardt, A. Regev, J. Rajagopal, A revised airway epithelial hierarchy includes CFTR-expressing ionocytes, Nature 560 (2018) 319–324.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M.H. Heines, First to File, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

R.G. Watkins III, R.G. Watkins IV, eds., Surgical Approaches to the Spine, 3rd ed. 2015, Springer, New York, NY, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

U. Köthe, Low-level Feature Detection Using the Boundary Tensor, in: J. Weickert, H. Hagen (Eds.), Visualization and Processing of Tensor Fields, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006: pp. 63–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Oceans Endure on Super-Earths, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Maritime Environment: Federal and State Actions, Expenditures, and Challenges to Addressing Abandoned and Derelict Vessels, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2017.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.D. DeMoss, Mapping the issues: A content analysis of elementary and secondary education news stories from 1968 to 2008 on television networks, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Brantley, Theater; Angel Introduces Bats to Trojans, New York Times (2016) AR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
Abbreviation	Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys.
ISSN (print)	0146-6410
Scope	Nuclear and High Energy Physics