How to format your references using the Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

U. Leonhardt, To invisibility and beyond, Nature 471 (2011) 292–293.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

P. Convey, M.I. Stevens, Ecology. Antarctic biodiversity, Science 317 (2007) 1877–1878.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M. Willbold, T. Elliott, S. Moorbath, The tungsten isotopic composition of the Earth’s mantle before the terminal bombardment, Nature 477 (2011) 195–198.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

M.T. Hemann, A. Bric, J. Teruya-Feldstein, A. Herbst, J.A. Nilsson, C. Cordon-Cardo, J.L. Cleveland, W.P. Tansey, S.W. Lowe, Evasion of the p53 tumour surveillance network by tumour-derived MYC mutants, Nature 436 (2005) 807–811.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. Billingsley, Essentials of Mechatronics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

U. Rüb, The Neuropathology of Huntington’s Disease: Classical Findings, Recent Developments and Correlation to Functional Neuroanatomy, 1st ed. 2015, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

P.J.J. Welfens, J.K. Perret, T. Irawan, E. Yushkova, The Methodology of the EIIW-vita Indicator, in: J.K. Perret, T. Irawan, E. Yushkova (Eds.), Towards Global Sustainability: Issues, New Indicators and Economic Policy, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 57–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, How Internet Porn Affects Romantic Life, IFLScience (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle: DOD Is Addressing Knowledge Gaps in Its New Acquisition Strategy [Reissued on August 13, 2012], U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

D.P. Huger Marsh, Perspectives of disciplinary problems and practices in elementary schools, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Markoff, Massachusetts Start-Up Trumpets Advance in Battery Capacity, New York Times (2017) B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
Abbreviation	Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys.
ISSN (print)	0146-6410
Scope	Nuclear and High Energy Physics