How to format your references using the Progress in Materials Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Materials Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Duyk G. Attrition and translation. Science 2003;302:603–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Nienborg H, Cumming BG. Decision-related activity in sensory neurons reflects more than a neuron’s causal effect. Nature 2009;459:89–92.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Haile-Selassie Y, Suwa G, White TD. Late Miocene teeth from Middle Awash, Ethiopia, and early hominid dental evolution. Science 2004;303:1503–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Niethammer P, Grabher C, Look AT, Mitchison TJ. A tissue-scale gradient of hydrogen peroxide mediates rapid wound detection in zebrafish. Nature 2009;459:996–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Le Chevalier F, Lesselier D, Staraj R. Non-standard Antennas. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Beveridge A, Griggs JR, Hogben L, Musiker G, Tetali P, editors. Recent Trends in Combinatorics. vol. 159. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Auerbach JE, Bongard JC. Evolving Monolithic Robot Controllers through Incremental Shaping. In: Doncieux S, Bredèche N, Mouret J-B, editors. New Horizons in Evolutionary Robotics: Extended Contributions from the 2009 EvoDeRob Workshop, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011, p. 55–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Materials Science.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. Watch Live As NASA Inflates The First Expandable Room On The ISS. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/watch-live-nasa-inflates-first-expandable-room-iss/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Improvements Needed in Continuity Planning and Involvement of Key Users. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Drake DA. Viscoelastic characterization of vapor-grown carbon nanofiber/vinyl ester nanocomposites using a response surface methodology. Doctoral dissertation. Mississippi State University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Walsh MW. Puerto Rico Said to Face ‘Death Spiral’ Over Debt. New York Times 2016:B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Materials Science
Abbreviation	Prog. Mater. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0079-6425
Scope	General Materials Science