How to format your references using the Progress in Materials Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Materials Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Tarlinton DM. Immunology: To affinity and beyond. Nature 2014;509:573–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Luo M-X, Wang X. Parallel photonic quantum computation assisted by quantum dots in one-side optical microcavities. Sci Rep 2014;4:5732.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Takahashi F, Matsushima M, Honkura Y. Simulations of a quasi-Taylor state geomagnetic field including polarity reversals on the Earth Simulator. Science 2005;309:459–61.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Chapman RD, Heidemann M, Albert TK, Mailhammer R, Flatley A, Meisterernst M, et al. Transcribing RNA polymerase II is phosphorylated at CTD residue serine-7. Science 2007;318:1780–2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Eidhammer I, Barsnes H, Eide GE, Martens L. Computational and Statistical Methods for Protein Quantification by Mass Spectrometry. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Martienssen W, Warlimont H, editors. Springer Handbook of Condensed Matter and Materials Data. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Anderson IM, Arnone D. Medications. In: Anderson IM, editor. Handbook of Depression, Tarporley: Springer Healthcare Ltd.; 2009, p. 45–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Materials Science.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Slowing Down The Development Of Alzheimer’s Plaques. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. National Research Centers Supported by NSF. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Malekian A. Combinatorial problems in online advertising. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Apuzzo M, Schmidt MS. Comey Tells How Trump Persisted in Pleas to F.B.I. New York Times 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Materials Science
Abbreviation	Prog. Mater. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0079-6425
Scope	General Materials Science