How to format your references using the Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Osheroff DD : Robert Richardson (1937-2013). Nature 495 : 450, 2013

A journal article with 2 authors

Bucchi M, Neresini F : Biotechnology. Why are people hostile to biotechnologies? Science 304 : 1749, 2004

A journal article with 3 authors

Huang L, Treisman A, Pashler H : Characterizing the limits of human visual awareness. Science 317 : 823–825, 2007

A journal article with 7 or more authors

van Gastel R, Somfai E, van Saarloos W, Frenken JW : A giant atomic slide-puzzle. Nature 408 : 665, 2000

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brown T, Andrews GJ, Cummins S, Greenhough B, Lewis D, Power A : Health Geographies. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017

An edited book

Smith E, Rauner F (Eds.) : Rediscovering Apprenticeship: Research Findings of the International Network on Innovative Apprenticeship (INAP). Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2010

A chapter in an edited book

Taylor LD : Stability of U.S. Consumption Expenditure Patterns: 1996–1999. in Houthakker HS (ed) : Consumer Demand in the United States: Prices, Income, and Consumption Behavior, New York, NY : Springer, 2010: pp89–106

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society.

Blog post

Hale T : Mice Sing Ultrasonic Love Songs Akin To A Jet Engine. IFLScience 2016

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office : Wallop-Breaux Trust Fund. 1988

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stefanek A : Quantitative Purchasing Structure for Ferrous Scrap. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University. 2019

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Reynolds ML : Fingers Crossed Across Generations. New York Times A18, 2017

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ²⁾.
This sentence cites two references ^3,4).
This sentence cites four references ^3,6–8).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
Abbreviation	J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc.
ISSN (print)	2005-3711
ISSN (online)	1598-7876
Scope	Clinical Neurology Surgery General Neuroscience

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