How to format your references using the Progress in Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Ma X 2015 Palaeontology: Hallucigenia’s head Nature 523 38–9

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Pelkmans L and Zerial M 2005 Kinase-regulated quantal assemblies and kiss-and-run recycling of caveolae Nature 436 128–33

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Chen J L, Wilson C R and Tapley B D 2006 Satellite gravity measurements confirm accelerated melting of Greenland ice sheet Science 313 1958–60

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Cocheo V, Sacco P, Boaretto C, De Saeger E, Ballesta P P, Skov H, Goelen E, Gonzalez N and Caracena A B 2000 Urban benzene and population exposure Nature 404 141–2

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Anderson D 2007 TKO Management! (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)

An edited book

[1]

Schofield N and Caballero G 2015 The Political Economy of Governance: Institutions, Political Performance and Elections (Cham: Springer International Publishing)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Lazarovici T S and Yoffe T 2015 Epidemiology of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: Bisphosphonates, Denosumab, and New Agents ed S Otto (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer) pp 55–61

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J 2015 Spectacular New Images Of Pluto’s Moon Charon IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 1991 Mass Transit Grants: Scarce Federal Funds Misused in UMTA’s Philadelphia Region (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Woods R A 2017 Missouri Legislator and Administrator Perceptions of Federal Government Involvement in Education Doctoral dissertation ( St. Charles, MO: Lindenwood University)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Walsh M W 2011 Two Rulings Find Cuts In Pensions Permissible New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Biomedical Engineering
ISSN (online)	2516-1091
Scope