How to format your references using the Progress in Biomaterials citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Biomaterials. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Christeson G (2009) Journal club. A geophysicist ponders the mysteries of intraplate earthquakes. Nature 459:755

A journal article with 2 authors

Gong C, Maquat LE (2011) lncRNAs transactivate STAU1-mediated mRNA decay by duplexing with 3’ UTRs via Alu elements. Nature 470:284–288

A journal article with 3 authors

Ji Z, Gao H, Yu H (2015) CELL DIVISION CYCLE. Kinetochore attachment sensed by competitive Mps1 and microtubule binding to Ndc80C. Science 348:1260–1264

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Allen MR, Frame DJ, Huntingford C, et al (2009) Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne. Nature 458:1163–1166

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mallée R, Fuchs W, Eligehausen R (2013) Design of Fastenings for Use in Concrete - the CEN/TS 1992-4 Provisions. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Wartofsky L, Van Nostrand D (eds) (2016) Thyroid Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide to Clinical Management, 3rd ed. 2016. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Lee WB, Shek V, Cheung B (2007) Auditing and Mapping the Knowledge Assets of Business Processes – An Empirical Study. In: Zhang Z, Siekmann J (eds) Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management: Second International Conference, KSEM 2007, Melbourne, Australia, November 28-30, 2007. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 11–16

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Biomaterials.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Chronic Pot Smoking Associated With Reduced Gray Matter, But Increased Connections. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Commercial Motor Vehicles: Effectiveness of Actions Being Taken to Improve Motor Carrier Safety Is Unknown. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tu KN (2013) Novel bivalent organophosphates as inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase — Compounds with potential for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and studies in the development of asymmetric catalytic Kabachnik-Fields reaction. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by (2005) Arts, Briefly; Russian Art Sets Records in London. New York Times B8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Christeson 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Christeson 2009; Gong and Maquat 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gong and Maquat 2011)
Three or more authors: (Allen et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Biomaterials
Abbreviation	Prog. Biomater.
ISSN (print)	2194-0509
ISSN (online)	2194-0517
Scope