How to format your references using the Progress in Biomaterials citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Biomaterials. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Moltz JC (2011) Technology: Asia’s space race. Nature 480:171–173

A journal article with 2 authors

Li J, Cheng J-X (2014) Direct visualization of de novo lipogenesis in single living cells. Sci Rep 4:6807

A journal article with 3 authors

Alley RB, Fahnestock M, Joughin I (2008) Climate change. Understanding glacier flow in changing times. Science 322:1061–1062

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Mangone M, Manoharan AP, Thierry-Mieg D, et al (2010) The landscape of C. elegans 3’UTRs. Science 329:432–435

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Calvello AA (2009) Environmental Alpha. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Kuhn M (2013) Applied Predictive Modeling. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Vican D, Alfirević N, Relja R (2016) Managing the School: Principals as Managers. In: Alfirević N, Burušić J, Pavičić J, Relja R (eds) School Effectiveness and Educational Management: Towards a South-Eastern Europe Research and Public Policy Agenda. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 67–85

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Biomaterials.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) Mysterious Metal Object Crash Lands At A Jade Mine In Myanmar. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) Educating People at Risk for AIDS. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Griffith A (2017) The Curious Case of Implementation: Enactment of the California Community College Student Equity Initiative. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker P, Vogel KP (2017) Lawyers Clash Over Strategy By West Wing. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Moltz 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Moltz 2011; Li and Cheng 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Li and Cheng 2014)
Three or more authors: (Mangone et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Biomaterials
Abbreviation	Prog. Biomater.
ISSN (print)	2194-0509
ISSN (online)	2194-0517
Scope