How to format your references using the Programme Grants for Applied Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Programme Grants for Applied Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain C. Thrill of space exploration is a universal constant. Nature 2013;503:313.

A journal article with 2 authors

Vukusic P, Hooper I. Directionally controlled fluorescence emission in butterflies. Science 2005;310:1151.

A journal article with 3 authors

Duijn PAC, Kashirin V, Sloot PMA. The relative ineffectiveness of criminal network disruption. Sci Rep 2014;4:4238.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Daumke O, Weyand M, Chakrabarti PP, Vetter IR, Wittinghofer A. The GTPase-activating protein Rap1GAP uses a catalytic asparagine. Nature 2004;429:197–201.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ghaye T. Developing the Reflective Healthcare Team. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Wittmann C, Krull R, editors. Biosystems Engineering II: Linking Cellular Networks and Bioprocesses. vol. 121. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Prenat G, Jabeur K, Di Pendina G, Boulle O, Gaudin G. Beyond STT-MRAM, Spin Orbit Torque RAM SOT-MRAM for High Speed and High Reliability Applications. In: Zhao W, Prenat G, editors. Spintronics-based Computing. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 145–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Programme Grants for Applied Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Modern Slavery Is Destroying The Environment – To Meet Demand For Shrimps And Pet Food. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Health and Safety: Environmental Oversight of Classified Federal Research. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chaves JS. Novel approach for the creation of thin films and interconnects using single walled carbon nanotubes inkjet technology and bacteria. Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach; 2009; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Otis J. Keeping a Sunny Spirit in the Face of Hardship. New York Times 2017:A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Programme Grants for Applied Research
ISSN (print)	2050-4322
ISSN (online)	2050-4330
Scope

Research and Writing Guides