How to format your references using the Programme Grants for Applied Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Programme Grants for Applied Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hede K. Antibiotic resistance: An infectious arms race. Nature 2014;509:S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sagan SM, Sarnow P. Molecular biology. RNAi, Antiviral after all. Science 2013;342:207–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wada S, Oishi M, Yamada TK. A newly discovered species of living baleen whale. Nature 2003;426:278–81.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bax BD, Chan PF, Eggleston DS, Fosberry A, Gentry DR, Gorrec F, et al. Type IIA topoisomerase inhibition by a new class of antibacterial agents. Nature 2010;466:935–40.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lawless HT. Quantitative Sensory Analysis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons; 2013.

An edited book

Giannakopoulou D, Salaün G, editors. Software Engineering and Formal Methods: 12th International Conference, SEFM 2014, Grenoble, France, September 1-5, 2014. Proceedings. vol. 8702. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Yamabe H. Influence of Water on the Interface Properties. In: Silva LFM da, Sato C, editors. Design of Adhesive Joints Under Humid Conditions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 95–111.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Programme Grants for Applied Research.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. NASA’s Comet Hitchhiker Could Explore The Solar System With A Harpoon And Tether. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015. URL: https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasas-comet-hitchhiker-could-visit-multiple-solar-system-bodies-using-harpoon-and-tether/ (Accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Highway System: Refinements Would Strengthen the System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marshall LD. The jeweled net, sacred landscape, and the vision of the heart. Doctoral dissertation, Carpinteria, CA: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2015; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rojas R, Southall A. 5 From Baruch College Face Murder Charges in 2013 Fraternity Hazing. New York Times 2015:A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Programme Grants for Applied Research
ISSN (print)	2050-4322
ISSN (online)	2050-4330
Scope

Research and Writing Guides