How to format your references using the Programme Grants for Applied Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Programme Grants for Applied Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pratt DW. Molecular dynamics. Biomolecules see the light. Science 2002;296:2347–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ashlin A, Ladle RJ. Science communication. Environmental science adrift in the blogosphere. Science 2006;312:201.

A journal article with 3 authors

Harvey CD, Coen P, Tank DW. Choice-specific sequences in parietal cortex during a virtual-navigation decision task. Nature 2012;484:62–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhang H-F, Yang Z, Wu Z-X, Wang B-H, Zhou T. Braess’s paradox in epidemic game: better condition results in less payoff. Sci Rep 2013;3:3292.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Crichton RR, Ward RJ. Metal-based Neurodegeneration. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Riopel M, Smyrnaiou Z, editors. New Developments in Science and Technology Education. vol. 23. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Hansen LJ, Hoffman JR. Assessing Vulnerability to Climate Change. In: Hoffman JR, editor. Climate Savvy: Adapting Conservation and Resource Management to a Changing World. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics; 2011. p. 55–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Programme Grants for Applied Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Huge Solar Eruption Caught By NASA’s IRIS. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information on Federally Owned Land in Oregon Set Aside for Use by the Burns Paiute Indian Colony. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Almasaari AH. Arab American women’s identity crises in Mohja Kahf’s ‘The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf’ and Laila Halaby’s ‘West of the Jordan’. Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach; 2017; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bilefsky D. May Still Expected to Win, but Lead Narrows After Missteps. New York Times 2017:A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Programme Grants for Applied Research
ISSN (print)	2050-4322
ISSN (online)	2050-4330
Scope