How to format your references using the Programme Grants for Applied Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Programme Grants for Applied Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Melino G. The Sirens’ song. Nature 2001;412:23.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jaeger H, Haas H. Harnessing nonlinearity: predicting chaotic systems and saving energy in wireless communication. Science 2004;304:78–80.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bordenstein SR, O’Hara FP, Werren JH. Wolbachia-induced incompatibility precedes other hybrid incompatibilities in Nasonia. Nature 2001;409:707–10.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Pinto S, Roseberry AG, Liu H, Diano S, Shanabrough M, Cai X, et al. Rapid rewiring of arcuate nucleus feeding circuits by leptin. Science 2004;304:110–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pischella M, Le Ruyet D. Digital Communications 2. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

Slavin MI, editor. Sustainability in America’s Cities: Creating the Green Metropolis. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Chernousko FL, Ananievski IM, Reshmin SA. Piecewise linear control for mechanical systems under uncertainty. In: Ananievski IM, Reshmin SA, editors. Control of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems: Methods and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 157–212.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Programme Grants for Applied Research.

Blog post

Hale T. Against All Odds, AI Is Owning Humans At A Poker Tournament. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017. URL: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/against-all-odds-ai-is-owning-humans-at-a-poker-tournament/ (Accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Implications of Joint NASA/DOD Participation in Space Shuttle Operations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1983.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mahan CP. First to the finish line: A case study of first generation baccalaureate degree completers in the University of Maryland Student Support Services program. Doctoral dissertation, College Park, MD: University of Maryland, College Park; 2010; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

MacFARQUHAR N. Russia’s Government Does Little as H.I.V. Cases Surpass a Million. New York Times 2016:A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Programme Grants for Applied Research
ISSN (print)	2050-4322
ISSN (online)	2050-4330
Scope