How to format your references using the Proceedings of the IEEE citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Proceedings of the IEEE. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

B. M. Csatho, “Climate science: A history of Greenland’s ice loss,” Nature, vol. 528, no. 7582, pp. 341–343, Dec. 2015.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Z. Wan and G. Zhang, “Controlled synthesis and visible light photocatalytic activity of Bi12GeO20 uniform microcrystals,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 6298, Sep. 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

P. Rohani, X. Zhong, and A. A. King, “Contact network structure explains the changing epidemiology of pertussis,” Science, vol. 330, no. 6006, pp. 982–985, Nov. 2010.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

O. Lunov et al., “Cell death induced by ozone and various non-thermal plasmas: therapeutic perspectives and limitations,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 7129, Nov. 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

G. Ghiani, G. Laporte, and R. Musmanno, Introduction to Logistics Systems Management. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

M. Z. Hauschild and M. A. J. Huijbregts, Eds., Life Cycle Impact Assessment. in LCA Compendium – The Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

S.-L. Ang, “Foxa1 and Foxa2 Transcription Factors Regulate Differentiation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons,” in Development and Engineering of Dopamine Neurons, R. J. Pasterkamp, M. P. Smidt, and J. P. H. Burbach, Eds., in Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. , New York, NY: Springer, 2009, pp. 58–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Proceedings of the IEEE.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “‘Salmon Cannon’ Allows Safe Migration Around Hydroelectric Dams,” IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Federal Motor Vehicles: Agencies’ Progress in Meeting Expenditure Control Requirements,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GGD-88-40, Mar. 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K. M. Coleman, “Parent involvement in the promotion of healthy outcomes for young girls: A grant writing project,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Otis, “Unflinching Faith Moors 2 Victims of Hurricane Sandy in Life’s Storms,” New York Times, p. A23, Oct. 28, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Proceedings of the IEEE
Abbreviation	Proc. IEEE Inst. Electr. Electron. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0018-9219
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering