How to format your references using the Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (numeric) citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (numeric). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Graham-Rowe, D. Therapeutics: Strength in numbers. Nature, 2012, 489(7417), S16-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gal-Yam, A. and Leonard, D. C. A massive hypergiant star as the progenitor of the supernova SN 2005gl. Nature, 2009, 458(7240), 865–867.

A journal article with 3 authors

Villegas, C. E. P., Mendonça, P. B. and Rocha, A. R. Optical spectrum of bottom-up graphene nanoribbons: towards efficient atom-thick excitonic solar cells. Sci. Rep., 2014, 4, 6579.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bannister, A. J., Zegerman, P., Partridge, J. F., Miska, E. A., Thomas, J. O., Allshire, R. C., et al. Selective recognition of methylated lysine 9 on histone H3 by the HP1 chromo domain. Nature, 2001, 410(6824), 120–124.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fullman, S. H. Increasing Alpha with Options. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2010.

An edited book

Savransky, M. The Adventure of Relevance: An Ethics of Social Inquiry. Stengers, I., ed. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Lisboa, T. and Rello, J. PIRO Concept and Clinical Failure. In Sepsis Management: PIRO and MODS (Rello, J., Lipman, J. and Lisboa, T., eds). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012, 33–39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (numeric).

Blog post

Hamilton, K. The End Of Coconut Water? The World’s Trendiest Nut Is Under Threat Of Species Collapse https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/the-end-of-coconut-water-the-worlds-trendiest-nut-is-under-threat-of-species-collapse/ (accessed 2018-10-30).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Performance and Accountability: Challenges Facing the Department of Transportation.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rahmani, M. On the calculation of time-domain impulse-response of systems from band-limited scattering-parameters using wavelet transform. Doctoral dissertation. Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel, B. Tampa Teams Fund Removal of Monument. New York Times. August 17, 2017, B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (numeric)
ISSN (print)	1736-6046
ISSN (online)	1736-7530
Scope