How to format your references using the Proceedings - Mathematical Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Proceedings - Mathematical Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Balatsky, A.V.: Superconductivity. From obscurity to impurity. Nature. 403, 717–718 (2000)

A journal article with 2 authors

Carr, J.S., Najita, J.R.: Organic molecules and water in the planet formation region of young circumstellar disks. Science. 319, 1504–1506 (2008)

A journal article with 3 authors

Cao, A., Romanowicz, B., Takeuchi, N.: An observation of PKJKP: inferences on inner core shear properties. Science. 308, 1453–1455 (2005)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kim, K.J., Lee, S.-W., Yim, T., Kim, J.-G., Choi, J.W., Kim, J.H., Park, M.-S., Kim, Y.-J.: A new strategy for integrating abundant oxygen functional groups into carbon felt electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries. Sci. Rep. 4, 6906 (2014)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

P. Wen, E., Ellis, R., S. Pujar, N.: Vaccine Development and Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2014)

An edited book

Fischlin, M. ed: Topics in Cryptology – CT-RSA 2009: The Cryptographers’ Track at the RSA Conference 2009, San Francisco, CA, USA, April 20-24, 2009. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2009)

A chapter in an edited book

Ang, S.-L.: Foxa1 and Foxa2 Transcription Factors Regulate Differentiation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons. In: Pasterkamp, R.J., Smidt, M.P., and Burbach, J.P.H. (eds.) Development and Engineering of Dopamine Neurons. pp. 58–65. Springer, New York, NY (2009)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Proceedings - Mathematical Sciences.

Blog post

Hale, T.: Ebola Evolved To Become More Deadly During The Recent Outbreak, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/ebola-evolved-to-become-more-deadly-during-the-recent-outbreak/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Space Acquisitions: GAO Assessment of DOD Responsive Launch Report. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2015)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gillespie, L.: Trust in Leadership: Investigation of Andragogical Learning and Implications for Student Placement Outcomes, (2014)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu, L.: Across the Spectrum, Conspiracy Talk Is Rife, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Proceedings - Mathematical Sciences
ISSN (print)	0253-4142
ISSN (online)	0973-7685
Scope