How to format your references using the Procedia Economics and Finance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Procedia Economics and Finance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Powell, K., 2003. Growing pains. Nature 423, 568–569.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bhattacharya, K., James, R.D., 2005. Applied physics. The material is the machine. Science 307, 53–54.

A journal article with 3 authors

Budd, G.E., Butterfield, N.J., Jensen, S., 2001. Crustaceans and the “Cambrian explosion.” Science 294, 2047.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Shim, H.-W., Lim, A.-H., Kim, J.-C., Jang, E., Seo, S.-D., Lee, G.-H., Kim, T.D., Kim, D.-W., 2013. Scalable one-pot bacteria-templating synthesis route toward hierarchical, porous-Co3O4 superstructures for supercapacitor electrodes. Sci. Rep. 3, 2325.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hornberg, A., 2017. Handbook of Machine and Computer Vision. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Huang, D.-S., Jo, K.-H., Lee, H.-H., Kang, H.-J., Bevilacqua, V. (Eds.), 2009. Emerging Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications. With Aspects of Artificial Intelligence: 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2009 Ulsan, South Korea, September 16-19, 2009 Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

McQueen, D.V., 2007. Critical Issues in Theory for Health Promotion, in: Kickbusch, I., Potvin, L., Pelikan, J.M., Balbo, L., Abel, T. (Eds.), Health and Modernity: The Role of Theory in Health Promotion. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 21–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Procedia Economics and Finance.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2017. The Video Of Tigers Chasing A Drone Really Isn’t As Cool As You Think [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2013. TSA Explosives Detection Canine Program: Actions Needed to Analyze Data and Ensure Canine Teams Are Effectively Utilized (No. GAO-13-239). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chanderbhan-Forde, S., 2010. Asian Indian mothers’ involvement in their children’s schooling: An analysis of social and cultural capital (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marguerite Kelly; Marguerite Kelly is a syndicated columnist, the co-author of “‘The Mother’s Almanac’” (Doubleday), 1985. TAKING TOYS SERIOUSLY. New York Times 646.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Powell, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Bhattacharya and James, 2005; Powell, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bhattacharya and James, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Shim et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Procedia Economics and Finance
ISSN (print)	2212-5671
Scope