How to format your references using the Procedia Economics and Finance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Procedia Economics and Finance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Duffy, M.A., 2014. Epidemiology. It helps to be well connected. Science 344, 1229–1230.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gillon, J., Yakir, D., 2001. Influence of carbonic anhydrase activity in terrestrial vegetation on the 18O content of atmospheric CO2. Science 291, 2584–2587.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pobbati, A.V., Stein, A., Fasshauer, D., 2006. N- to C-terminal SNARE complex assembly promotes rapid membrane fusion. Science 313, 673–676.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Li, C.-H., Benedick, A.J., Fendel, P., Glenday, A.G., Kärtner, F.X., Phillips, D.F., Sasselov, D., Szentgyorgyi, A., Walsworth, R.L., 2008. A laser frequency comb that enables radial velocity measurements with a precision of 1 cm s(-1). Nature 452, 610–612.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dubuisson, S., 2015. Tracking with Particle Filter for High-Dimensional Observation and State Spaces. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Popescu-Zeletin, R., Jonas, K., Rai, I.A., Glitho, R., Villafiorita, A. (Eds.), 2012. e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries: Third International ICST Conference, AFRICOMM 2011, Zanzibar, Tanzania, November 23-24, 2011, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Rao, C., Darzi, A., Athanasiou, T., 2011. An Introduction to Decision Analysis, in: Darzi, A., Athanasiou, T. (Eds.), Evidence Synthesis in Healthcare: A Practical Handbook for Clinicians. Springer, London, pp. 127–140.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Procedia Economics and Finance.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2017. If Atoms Are Mostly Empty Space, Why Do Objects Look And Feel Solid? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1979. Opportunities for Improving Program Planning for Photovoltaic Research and Development (No. EMD-79-40). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chongkrairatanakul, W., 2012. Foreign-educated nurses (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L., 2008. Justices Narrow Money-Laundering Law. New York Times A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Duffy, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Duffy, 2014; Gillon and Yakir, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gillon and Yakir, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Li et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Procedia Economics and Finance
ISSN (print)	2212-5671
Scope