How to format your references using the Procedia Early Career Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Procedia Early Career Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Corbyn, Z., 2014. Prevention: lessons from a sunburnt country. Nature 515, S114-6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rehren, T., Pusch, E.B., 2005. Late Bronze Age glass production at Qantir-Piramesses, Egypt. Science 308, 1756–1758.

A journal article with 3 authors

Agrawal, A., Chhatre, A., Hardin, R., 2008. Changing governance of the world’s forests. Science 320, 1460–1462.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Landskron, K., Hatton, B.D., Perovic, D.D., Ozin, G.A., 2003. Periodic mesoporous organosilicas containing interconnected [Si(CH2)]3 rings. Science 302, 266–269.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Miller, M.B., 2013. Mathematics and Statistics for Financial Risk Management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Panofsky, W.K.H., Deken, J.M. (Eds.), 2007. Panofsky on Physics, Politics, and Peace: Pief Remembers. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Sen, K., 2011. DART: Directed Automated Random Testing, in: Namjoshi, K., Zeller, A., Ziv, A. (Eds.), Hardware and Software: Verification and Testing: 5th International Haifa Verification Conference, HVC 2009, Haifa, Israel, October 19-22, 2009, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 4–4.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Procedia Early Career Research.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2017. New Research Into Expansion Of The Universe May Upend Physics As We Know It [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/the-complex-mystery-that-surrounds-the-expansion-of-the-universe/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1973. Challenges and Problems in the Evaluation of Government Programs (No. 094527). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Holby, N., 2017. School Counselors and Their Experiences Implementing Comprehensive Programs (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY, J.C., Jr., Southall, A., 2016. One Outlier as Homicides in City Decline Significantly. New York Times A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Corbyn, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Corbyn, 2014; Rehren and Pusch, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rehren and Pusch, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Landskron et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Procedia Early Career Research
ISSN (print)	2405-8815
Scope