How to format your references using the Probability Theory and Related Fields citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Probability Theory and Related Fields. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Miller, D.A.B.: Applied Optics. Sorting out light. Science. 347, 1423–1424 (2015)

A journal article with 2 authors

Marone, F., Romanowicz, B.: The depth distribution of azimuthal anisotropy in the continental upper mantle. Nature. 447, 198–201 (2007)

A journal article with 3 authors

Gerstner, W., Sprekeler, H., Deco, G.: Theory and simulation in neuroscience. Science. 338, 60–65 (2012)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Macho, B., Brancorsini, S., Fimia, G.M., Setou, M., Hirokawa, N., Sassone-Corsi, P.: CREM-dependent transcription in male germ cells controlled by a kinesin. Science. 298, 2388–2390 (2002)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Maguire, L., Smith, E.: 30 Great Myths about Shakespeare. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, UK (2012)

An edited book

Ratib, O., Schwaiger, M., Beyer, T. eds: Atlas of PET/MR Imaging in Oncology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013)

A chapter in an edited book

Wehren, B., Schädler, B., Weingartner, R.: Human Interventions. In: Bundi, U. (ed.) Alpine Waters. pp. 71–92. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2010)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Probability Theory and Related Fields.

Blog post

Carpineti, A.: Meteorites Reveal How Old Jupiter Really Is, https://www.iflscience.com/space/meteorites-reveal-how-old-jupiter-really-is/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Airport Finance: Information on Funding Sources and Planned Capital Development. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2015)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Liburd-Shaddai, J.L.: The experiences of remedial instructors at one urban community college: A case study, (2012)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J.: Stewart Will Perform Stand-Up On HBO, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Probability Theory and Related Fields
Abbreviation	Probab. Theory Relat. Fields
ISSN (print)	0178-8051
ISSN (online)	1432-2064
Scope	Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty Analysis Statistics and Probability

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