How to format your references using the Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D. Mortlock, Astronomy: The age of the quasars, Nature. 514 (2014) 43–44.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J. Monk, B.O. Palsson, Genetics. Predicting microbial growth, Science. 344 (2014) 1448–1449.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

V. Domínguez-García, S. Pigolotti, M.A. Muñoz, Inherent directionality explains the lack of feedback loops in empirical networks, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 7497.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

E.C. Stone, A.C. Cummings, F.B. McDonald, B.C. Heikkila, N. Lal, W.R. Webber, An asymmetric solar wind termination shock, Nature. 454 (2008) 71–74.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D. Prutchi, M. Norris, Design and Development of Medical Electronic Instrumentation, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2004.

An edited book

[1]

F. Otto, M.P. Lutz, eds., Early Gastrointestinal Cancers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

E. Koivunen, “Why Wasn’t I Notified?”: Information Security Incident Reporting Demystified, in: T. Aura, K. Järvinen, K. Nyberg (Eds.), Information Security Technology for Applications: 15th Nordic Conference on Secure IT Systems, NordSec 2010, Espoo, Finland, October 27-29, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012: pp. 55–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, Bald Eagle Braves Snow Storm To Protect Eggs, IFLScience. (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Aviation Security: Transportation Security Administration Has Strengthened Planning to Guide Investments in Key Aviation Security Programs, but More Work Remains, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.H. Brown, An Examination of Executive Function, Stress, and Adolescent Attachment to Caregivers in a Social Neuroscience Model Using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD), Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

H. Cotter, A Pooh-Bah Who Painted With Words, New York Times. (2017) C13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics
Abbreviation	Probabilistic Eng. Mech.
ISSN (print)	0266-8920
Scope	Nuclear Energy and Engineering Aerospace Engineering Civil and Structural Engineering Mechanical Engineering Ocean Engineering Condensed Matter Physics Statistical and Nonlinear Physics