How to format your references using the Primate Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Primate Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P.: Redressing the balance, Nature, 424, 593, 2003.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lobell, D. B. and Asner, G. P.: Climate and management contributions to recent trends in U.S. agricultural yields, Science, 299, 1032, 2003.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mojzsis, S. J., Harrison, T. M., and Pidgeon, R. T.: Oxygen-isotope evidence from ancient zircons for liquid water at the Earth’s surface 4,300 Myr ago, Nature, 409, 178–181, 2001.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Ouyang, M., Huang, J. L., Cheung, C. L., and Lieber, C. M.: Energy gaps in “metallic” single-walled carbon nanotubes, Science, 292, 702–705, 2001.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gable, J. and Herrmann, T.: Counselling Skills for Dietitians, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2016.

An edited book

Joarde, R. and Crundwell, N. (Eds.): Chest X-Ray in Clinical Practice, 1st ed., Springer, London, XIV, 195 p p., 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Lacroix, V., Sammeth, M., Guigo, R., and Bergeron, A.: Exact Transcriptome Reconstruction from Short Sequence Reads, in: Algorithms in Bioinformatics: 8th International Workshop, WABI 2008, Karlsruhe, Germany, September 15-19, 2008. Proceedings, edited by: Crandall, K. A. and Lagergren, J., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 50–63, 2008.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Primate Biology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J.: Japan’s Troubled X-Ray Satellite Is Dead, https://www.iflscience.com/space/japan-s-troubled-x-ray-satellite-dead/, last access: 30 October 2018, 2016., 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Charter Bus Service: Local Factors Determine Effectiveness of Federal Regulation, RCED-93-162, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Blasdel, E. S.: A phenomenological study of barriers for women in federal law enforcement, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Corkery, M.: Sales Drop at Macy’s Punishes Its Stock, , New York Times10th AugustB5, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Lobell and Asner, 2003; Smaglik, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lobell and Asner, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Ouyang et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Primate Biology
ISSN (print)	2363-4707
ISSN (online)	2363-4715
Scope