How to format your references using the Primate Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Primate Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jones, G.: Total internal reflection, Nature, 403, 707, 2000.

A journal article with 2 authors

Duchek, P. and Rørth, P.: Guidance of cell migration by EGF receptor signaling during Drosophila oogenesis, Science, 291, 131–133, 2001.

A journal article with 3 authors

van den Engh, G., Nelson, P., and Roach, J.: Numismatic gyrations, Nature, 408, 540, 2000.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Okamoto, H., Hamao, S., Goto, H., Sakai, Y., Izumi, M., Gohda, S., Kubozono, Y., and Eguchi, R.: Transistor application of alkyl-substituted picene, Sci. Rep., 4, 5048, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jakubith, M.: Grundoperationen und chemische Reaktionstechnik, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG, 1998.

An edited book

Martínez-Trinidad, J. F., Carrasco Ochoa, J. A., and Kittler, J. (Eds.): Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis and Applications: 11th Iberoamerican Congress in Pattern Recognition, CIARP 2006 Cancun, Mexico, November 14-17, 2006 Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, XIX, 995 p pp., 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Gavin, B. and UNU-CRIS: Reconciling Regionalism and Multilateralism: Towards Multilevel Trade Governance, in: Multilateralism, Regionalism and Bilateralism in Trade and Investment: 2006 World Report on Regional Integration, edited by: Lombaerde, P. de, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 59–72, 2007.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Primate Biology.

Blog post

Study Provides Insight Into The Recovery Of Consciousness After Anesthesia: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/study-provides-insight-recovery-consciousness-after-anesthesia/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Improved Planning and Management of Information Systems Development Needed, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1975.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

George, K. G.: Revisiting “The Blue Line Blues”: Transit-Oriented Development in Inner-City Areas of Los Angeles County, 2000-2016, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M.: Being Whatever It Takes to Win Election, New York Times, 23rd August, 41, 1992.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Jones, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Duchek and Rørth, 2001; Jones, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Duchek and Rørth, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Okamoto et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Primate Biology
ISSN (print)	2363-4707
ISSN (online)	2363-4715
Scope