How to format your references using the Primary Care Diabetes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Primary Care Diabetes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

E. Dagotto, Complexity in strongly correlated electronic systems, Science 309 (2005) 257–262.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

B.A. Seibel, P.J. Walsh, Carbon cycle. Potential impacts of CO2 injection on deep-sea biota, Science 294 (2001) 319–320.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

X. He, L. Gao, N. Ma, One-step instant synthesis of protein-conjugated quantum dots at room temperature, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2825.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

P. Chan, I. Lucio-Martinez, X. Mo, C. Simon, W. Tittel, Performing private database queries in a real-world environment using a quantum protocol, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5233.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

V.G. Nasr, J.A. DiNardo, The Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia Handbook, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2017.

An edited book

[1]

P. Mendes, P. Snow, eds., Young People Transitioning from Out-of-Home Care: International Research, Policy and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Z. Zhong, Y. Zhang, G. Yang, Y. Kong, GPU-Based Parallel Processing Technology in DPI, in: R. Cai, K. Chen, L. Hong, X. Yang, R. Zhang, L. Zou (Eds.), Web Technologies and Applications: APWeb 2015 Workshops, BSD, WDMA, and BDAT, Guangzhou, China, September 18, 2015, Revised Selected Papers, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015: pp. 44–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Primary Care Diabetes.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, Bizarre-Looking Hairy Slug Fossil May Be The Ancestor To Snails, Clams, And Octopuses, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bizarrelooking-hairy-slug-fossil-may-be-the-ancestor-to-snails-clams-and-octopuses/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Space Operations: NASA’s Use of Information Technology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

D.J. Green, Shoulder functional anatomy and development – Implications for interpreting early hominin locomotion, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

K. Crow, Tarred and Weathered, Cobblestones Are in Trouble, New York Times (2003) 147.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Primary Care Diabetes
Abbreviation	Prim. Care Diabetes
ISSN (print)	1751-9918
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine Nutrition and Dietetics