How to format your references using the Boreal Environment Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Boreal Environment Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jenkins A. 2004. Graduate journal: a tough challenge. Nature 427: 378.

A journal article with 2 authors

Carbone C. & Gittleman J.L. 2002. A common rule for the scaling of carnivore density. Science (New York, N.Y.) 295: 2273–2276.

A journal article with 3 authors

Feinstein N.W., Allen S. & Jenkins E. 2013. Outside the pipeline: reimagining science education for nonscientists. Science (New York, N.Y.) 340: 314–317.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Yao K., Qiu S., Wang Y.V., Park S.J.H., Mohns E.J., Mehta B., Liu X., Chang B., Zenisek D., Crair M.C., Demb J.B. & Chen B. 2018. Restoration of vision after de novo genesis of rod photoreceptors in mammalian retinas. Nature 560: 484–488.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hersent O. 2010. IP Telephony. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Fritz J.M. & Rhéaume J. (eds.). 2014. Community Intervention: Clinical Sociology Perspectives. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Adler A. 2012. Male Choral Singing in Canada: A Waning Culture. In: Harrison S.D., Welch G.F. & Adler A. (eds.), Perspectives on Males and Singing, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 45–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Boreal Environment Research.

Blog post

Luntz S. 2014. Oldest Known Rock Discovered. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2013. IRS Website: Long-Term Strategy Needed to Improve Interactive Services. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bornheimer M.E. 2010. The influence of leadership development programs on the community college leadership shortage: A case study.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Milhollin G. & Motz K. 2004. Nukes ‘R’ Us. New York Times: A29.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Jenkins 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Carbone and Gittleman 2002; Jenkins 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Carbone and Gittleman 2002)
Three or more authors: (Yao et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Boreal Environment Research
ISSN (print)	1239-6095
ISSN (online)	1797-2469
Scope

Research and Writing Guides