How to format your references using the Prehospital Emergency Care citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Prehospital Emergency Care (PEC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brantley SL: Geology. Understanding soil time. Science. 2008;September 12;321(5895):1454–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Welsh RM, Selin LK: Attrition of memory CD8 T cells. Nature. 2009;June 4;459(7247):E3-4; discussion E4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wise C, Pawlyn M, Braungart M: Eco-engineering: Living in a materials world. Nature. 2013;February 14;494(7436):172–5.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lund K, Manzo AJ, Dabby N, et al.: Molecular robots guided by prescriptive landscapes. Nature. 2010;May 13;465(7295):206–10.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bouvier J-M, Campanella OH: Extrusion Processing Technology. Chichester, UK, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014.

An edited book

Kelft E van de: Surgery of the Spine and Spinal Cord: A Neurosurgical Approach. Cham, Springer International Publishing, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Bolotin-Fukuhara M: Genomics and Biodiversity in Yeasts., Biodiversity and Ecophysiology of Yeasts. Edited by Péter G, Rosa C. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, 2006, pp 45–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Prehospital Emergency Care.

Blog post

Andrew E: Watch A Rocket’s-Eye View Of Being Launched Into Space.IFLScience. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/space/watch-rockets-eye-view-being-launched-space/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Review of Selected Areas of Financial and Property Administration of Federal City College. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Burns KN: Impact of Cognitive Tasks on Gait Parameters in Collegiate Athletes.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dudiyeva F, as Told to: Three Days and Forever. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Prehospital Emergency Care
Abbreviation	Prehosp. Emerg. Care
ISSN (print)	1090-3127
ISSN (online)	1545-0066
Scope	Emergency Medicine Emergency