How to format your references using the Pramana citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pramana. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. B. Horton, Nature 416, 4 (2002).

A journal article with 2 authors

1. D. Panthi and A. Tsutsumi, Sci. Rep. 4, 5754 (2014).

A journal article with 3 authors

1. W. Jiang, F. T. Birk, and D. Davidović, Sci. Rep. 3, 1200 (2013).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. D. Heuer, A. Rejman Lipinski, N. Machuy, A. Karlas, A. Wehrens, F. Siedler, V. Brinkmann, and T. F. Meyer, Nature 457, 731 (2009).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. A. Braha and G. Groza, Moderne Abwassertechnik (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG, 2006).

An edited book

1. A. Bove, L. S. Barbosa, A. Pardo, and J. S. Pinto, editors , Language Engineering and Rigorous Software Development: International LerNet ALFA Summer School 2008, Piriapolis, Uruguay, February 24 - March 1, 2008, Revised Tutorial Lectures (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009).

A chapter in an edited book

1. F. Gullà, S. Ceccacci, M. Germani, and L. Cavalieri, in Ambient Assisted Living: Italian Forum 2014, edited by B. Andò, P. Siciliano, V. Marletta, and A. Monteriù (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015), pp. 47–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pramana.

Blog post

1. T. Hale, IFLScience (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office, TANF and Child Welfare Programs: Increased Data Sharing Could Improve Access to Benefits and Services (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2011).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. A. J. Spanier, The Relationship of Genes and Environment with Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Children with Asthma, Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. M. Kolomatsky, New York Times RE2 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pramana
ISSN (print)	0304-4289
ISSN (online)	0973-7111
Scope