How to format your references using the Practice Innovations citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Practice Innovations. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Donnelly, P. (2008). Progress and challenges in genome-wide association studies in humans. Nature, 456(7223), 728–731.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang, Y., & Robinson, G. H. (2011). Chemistry. Building a Lewis base with boron. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6042), 530–531.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hanczyc, M. M., Fujikawa, S. M., & Szostak, J. W. (2003). Experimental models of primitive cellular compartments: encapsulation, growth, and division. Science (New York, N.Y.), 302(5645), 618–622.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Kawaguchi, R., Yu, J., Honda, J., Hu, J., Whitelegge, J., Ping, P., Wiita, P., Bok, D., & Sun, H. (2007). A membrane receptor for retinol binding protein mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A. Science (New York, N.Y.), 315(5813), 820–825.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Adhikari, S. (2013). Structural Dynamic Analysis with Generalized Damping Models. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

ElMaraghy, H. A. (Ed.). (2012). Enabling Manufacturing Competitiveness and Economic Sustainability: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual production (CARV2011), Montreal, Canada, 2-5 October 2011. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bdiwi, M., Kolker, A., Suchý, J., & Winkler, A. (2013). Automated Assistance Robot System for Transferring Model-Free Objects From/To Human Hand Using Vision/Force Control. In G. Herrmann, M. J. Pearson, A. Lenz, P. Bremner, A. Spiers, & U. Leonards (Eds.), Social Robotics: 5th International Conference, ICSR 2013, Bristol, UK, October 27-29, 2013, Proceedings (pp. 40–53). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Practice Innovations.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2016, September 29). How To Watch Rosetta’s Tearful Goodbye At Comet 67P Today. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/how-to-watch-rosettas-tearful-goodbye-at-comet-67-tomorrow/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2009). Seclusions and Restraints: Selected Cases of Death and Abuse at Public and Private Schools and Treatment Centers (GAO-09-719T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wang, N. (2015). Computational Studies on Biomolecular Diffusion and Electrostatics [Doctoral dissertation]. University of California San Diego.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B., Spencer, H., & Ember, S. (2016, November 4). Magazine Loses Suit Charging Defamation. New York Times, B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Donnelly, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Donnelly, 2008; Wang & Robinson, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wang & Robinson, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Kawaguchi et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Practice Innovations
ISSN (print)	2377-889X
ISSN (online)	2377-8903
Scope