How to format your references using the Poultry Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Poultry Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cazenave, A. 2006. Atmosphere. How fast are the ice sheets melting? Science 314:1250–1252.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zegerman, P., and J. F. X. Diffley. 2010. Checkpoint-dependent inhibition of DNA replication initiation by Sld3 and Dbf4 phosphorylation. Nature 467:474–478.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pagel, M., Q. D. Atkinson, and A. Meade. 2007. Frequency of word-use predicts rates of lexical evolution throughout Indo-European history. Nature 449:717–720.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Li, Y.-L., W. Luo, X.-J. Chen, Z. Zeng, H.-Q. Lin, and R. Ahuja. 2013. Formation of Nanofoam carbon and re-emergence of Superconductivity in compressed CaC6. Sci. Rep. 3:3331.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lam, J. 2014. Enterprise Risk Management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Erdmann, V. A., and J. Barciszewski (Eds). 2010. RNA Technologies and Their Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Khan, N. Y. 2008. Integrated management of pollution stress in the Gulf.Pages 57–92 in Protecting the Gulf’s Marine Ecosystems from Pollution. Abuzinada, A.H., Barth, H.-J., Krupp, F., Böer, B., Abdessalaam, T.Z.A., eds. Birkhäuser, Basel.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Poultry Science.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. 2015. Mercury Spins Nine Seconds Faster Than We Thought It Did. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2015. Information Technology: Additional OMB and Agency Actions Needed to Ensure Portfolio Savings Are Realized and Effectively Tracked. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wilson, B. R. 2009. A correlational study: Parental involvement to student achievement in public education.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. 2006. Justices Uphold a Death Sentence Twice Overturned. New York Times:A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cazenave, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Cazenave, 2006; Zegerman and Diffley, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zegerman and Diffley, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Li et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Poultry Science
Abbreviation	Poult. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0032-5791
ISSN (online)	1525-3171
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology General Medicine